The subgenus Empidideicus (Anomaloptilus) (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae) in Madagascar Author Evenhuis, Neal L. 0000-0002-1314-755X J. Linsley Gressitt Center for Research in Entomology, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 - 2704, USA neale @ bishopmuseum. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1314 - 755 X neale@bishopmuseum.org Author Gharali, Babak 0000-0003-2490-156X Plant Protection Research Department, Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Qazvin, Iran. bgaharaei @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2490 - 156 X bgaharaei@yahoo.com text Zootaxa 2022 2022-12-22 5222 5 401 426 journal article 54548 10.11646/zootaxa.5222.5.1 a2aef7c8-09e1-48f1-983e-00132055a5a2 1175-5326 7471736 F4983B58-7301-4A3F-AC08-3E5120450EA1 Empidideicus (Anomaloptilus) irwini Evenhuis & Gharali , n. sp. ( Figs 9 , 18 , 21 , 30, 31 , 43 , 55, 56 , 69, 70 ) Types . Holotype ♂ and 2♂, 2♀ paratypes from MADAGASCAR : Toliara Province : Ifaty , 22 km N Toliara , 23°11.5′S , 43°37′E , 18 Apr 1998 , hand netted, spiny forest, M.E. Irwin , E.I. Schlinger ( CAS ) . Holotype in CAS . Paratypes in CAS and BPBM . Diagnosis . Most similar to E. ( A .) contrasticus n. sp. by the short mouthparts, the proboscis not exceeding the oral margin, but can be easily separated from it by yellow scutellum (black in E. ( A .) contrasticus n. sp. ) and the eyes holoptic or nearly so below the antennae (clearly dichoptic in E. ( A .) contrasticus n. sp. ). Description : Male ( Fig. 9 ). Lengths: 0.98–1.20 mm . Wing: 1.00– 1.10 mm . Head ( Fig. 21 ): globular, wider than long; eyes dichoptic above antennae separated at vertex by 1.5× distance between lateral ocelli, but holoptic or nearly so below level of antennae, separated by width of one ommatidium; occiput and postgena black; frons slightly depressed medially, with small black spot medially; face white, tip of oral margin white; antennae with scape yellow, short, subtrapezoidal; pedicel yellow, subconical, wider than long; first flagellomere black, lanceolate, length 2.5× width; second flagellomere black, three-fourths length of first flagellomere, with minute transparent apical style; mentum white; clypeus white, minute; proboscis dark slightly exerted beyond oral margin; labrum sclerotized, stiff, pointed apically, length subequal to proboscis; palpus not evident. FIGURES 23–24 . Malagasy Empidideicus ( Anomaloptilus ) , antennae. 23 , E . ( A .) andriambahomananii , n. sp. ; 24 , E . ( A .) nanus , n. sp. Thorax ( Fig. 30 ). Mesonotum matte black with white markings in following areas: dorsolaterally from humeral callus to postalar callus, interrupted above wing base, interhumeral mark not coalesced with mark on humeral callus; scutellum yellow; mesonotal disc and dorsum of scutellum with short fine brown hairs; pleura bare; pleura black with white on following: posterodorsal corner of anepisternum and anepimeron, upper half of meron and metepisternum; halter stem grayish brown, knob white. Legs . Coxae and femora yellow, mid femur with some brown on basodorsal half; rest of legs white except tarsal segments 3–5 brown. Wing ( Fig. 43 ). Elongate, length 2.5× width; subhyaline; veins brown; costa ends slightly beyond end of R 4+5 ; vein Sc incomplete; Rs faded at connection with R 1 ; R 4+5 slightly curved, ending in wing margin beyond level of end of M 2 ; vein M 1 curved to wing margin; M 2 straight; cell dm closed by apical crossvein, width one-half that of crossvein r-m; A 1 very thin, straight to wing margin; anal cell broadly open at wing margin; fringe of hair on posterior margin of wing well shortest at wing tip becoming longer and more sparse toward base. Abdomen ( Fig. 55 ). Dorsum black, with thin white band posteriorly; tergites with sparsely scattered minute black hairs; sternites brown medially, white laterally. Genitalia ( Fig. 69 ). Hypopygium shiny brown. In ventral view with gonocoxites rounded, rectangular, small cleft medially bearing paired trident-shaped process, paired pegs medially on basal portion of gonocoxite lobes, with thin dark sclerotization basally and large seta medially on each lobe ( Fig. 69A ); gonostylus subtriangular with long medial process; lateral arms of parameral sheath apodemes extending well below gonocoxa, foliate apically; aedeagal bulb large, rounded; aedeagal apodeme extending slightly beyond lateral arms of parameral sheath, with broad lanceolate lateral rami; upper portion of parameral sheath with bulbous apex in ventral view ( Fig. 69C ); epandrium subrectangular with large rounded, sclerotized apicoventral processes; cerci large, not exerted ( Fig. 69B ). Female : As in male except eyes more dichoptic ( Fig. 18 ); thorax subshiny ( Fig. 31 ); tergal pattern of abdomen ( Fig. 56 ) similar to that in E. ( A .) hauseri n. sp . ( Fig. 54 ) but dark areas more pronounced. Genitalia ( Fig. 70 ): genital fork U-shaped, with two inwardly-directed process on lateral arms, median portion of “U” membranous, evanescent laterally, spermatheca spheroid-ellipsoid, sclerotized brown, longer than wide, small invagination apically with numerous glandular trichomes, with striations on basal three fourths; apical spermathecal duct subequal to length of spermatheca, thin, transparent; sperm pump minute, slightly sclerotized, without evident apical or basal valves; basal duct 1.5× length of apical duct, corrugated, slightly wider than apical duct; common duct absent. Etymology . The specific epithet honors the collector, Michael E. Irwin and for his continued support of taxonomic research on Malagasy Diptera .