Taxonomic revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Central America: phylogeny and classification
Author
Peterson, Paul M.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-5528
Department of Botany MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA
peterson@si.edu
Author
Herrera Arrieta, Yolanda
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-6518
Instituto Politecnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad-Durango-COFAA, Durango, C. P. 34220, Mexico
Author
Lobo Cabezas, Silvia
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8100-2559
Herbario Nacional, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, Apartado Postal 749 - 1000, San Jose, Costa Rica
Author
Romaschenko, Konstantin
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-4193
Department of Botany MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA
text
PhytoKeys
2023
2023-08-03
230
1
106
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882
1314-2003-230-1
365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE
5.
Muhlenbergia ciliata (Kunth) Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 193. t.5, f.16. 1824.
Fig. 6A-D
Podosemum ciliatum
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1:128-129. 1816. Type:
Mexico
,
Michoacan
,
Volcan
de Jorullo, Sep,
F.W.H.A. Humboldt & A.J.A. Bonpland s.n.
(
lectotype, designated here
: P-00077293 [image!]; isolectotypes: BAA-1619 ex P!, BM!, P-00129654 [image!], US-91918 fragm. ex P!). ≡
Trichochloa ciliata
(Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:386. 1817. ≡
Polypogon ciliatus
(Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1:243. 1825. Basionym.
= Muhlenbergia adspersa
Trin.,
Mem
. Acad. Imp. Sci.
Saint-Petersbourg
,
Ser
. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 4(3-4):291. 1841. Type: Peru, Lima, ex herb.
C.H. Mertens s.n.
(
lectotype, designated here
: LE-TRIN-1486.01 fragm. ex LE herb. Mertens!; isolectotype: US-87236 fragm. ex LE herb. Mertens!).
Description.
Sprawling, slender
annuals
.
Culms
8-30(-50) cm tall, glabrous, filiform, often tufted, freely branching at lower nodes; 0.2-0.5 mm diameter just below the inflorescence;
internodes
6-42 mm long.
Leaf sheaths
(8-)20-44 mm long, glabrous or sparsely pilose along the margins, shorter than the internodes;
ligules
0.2-0.8 mm long, a ciliate membrane; apex truncate; margin with a tuft of hairs up to 1 mm long;
blades
1-4 cm long, 0.6-1.4 mm wide, flat or loosely involute, often sparsely pilose above, glabrous below.
Panicles
4-12 cm long, 1.8-5.0 cm wide, terminal, densely flowered;
primary branches
1.5-3.7 cm long spreading and reflexed at maturity up to 90° from the rachises, one per node;
pedicels
0.5-3 mm long, glabrous, appressed, erect; nodes 6-13 per panicle.
Spikelets
appressed to the branches, overlapping;
glumes
0.7-1.7 mm long, subequal, glabrous, 1-veined; apex acuminate, often mucronate; the mucro up to 0.5 mm long;
lower glumes
0.7-1.5 mm long;
upper glumes
0.8-1.7 mm long;
lemmas
1.8-2.5 mm long, lanceolate, slender, awned, strongly 3-veined but appearing five-veined, the intermediate
"nerves"
actually rows of short barbs on top of folded epidermal ridges, sometimes with prominent short hairs (scabers) along the lateral veins, often appearing glabrous without magnification, awns (1-)5-11(-18) mm long, flexuous;
callus
minutely short pubescent;
paleas
1.6-2.4 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, glabrous;
anthers
0.3-0.5 mm long, yellowish.
Caryopses
0.8-1.8 mm long, narrowly fusiform, brownish. 2
n
= 20.
Figure 6.
A-D
Muhlenbergia ciliata
(Kunth) Trin.
A
habit
B
floret
C
glumes
D
ligule
E-F
Muhlenbergia vaginata
Swallen
E
habit
F
ligule
G
glumes
H
floret.
A-D
drawn from
P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4541
(US, WS)
E-F
drawn from
P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4111
(US, WS) both used in
Peterson and Annable (1991)
.
Distribution.
Muhlenbergia ciliata
is found throughout
Mexico
and Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico
, Nicaragua, and Panama) to Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina (
Peterson and Annable 1991
;
Peterson et al. 2001
).
Ecology.
Muhlenbergia ciliata
is found on moist to dry soils usually beneath taller vegetation, sandy drainages, steep rocky slopes, rock outcrops, and disturbed roadsides in woodlands with
Acacia
,
Agave
,
Andropogon
,
Bidens
,
Baccharis
ssp.,
Bothriochloa
,
Eupatorium
,
Melinus minutiflora
P. Beauv.,
Muhlenbergia bryophilus
,
M. flexuosa
,
M. rigida
,
Puya
, and
Salvia
; 1000-2400 m.
Comments.
Muhlenbergia ciliata
can be differentiated from
M. tenella
in having lemmas with ciliate margins (not ciliate in
M. tenella
), reflexed and spreading panicles branches (tightly appressed panicle branches in
M. tenella
), regular, alternating leaf blade insertion (secund in
M. tenella
) [
Peterson and Annable 1991
;
Peterson and
Giraldo-Canas
2011
,
2012
].
Muhlenbergia ciliata
is closely related to
M. pectinata
C.O. Goodd. (North America) and
M. tenella
(Kunth) Trin. (North America, Central America, and Colombia) [
Peterson and Annable 1991
]. These three species form a strongly supported clade in
M. subg. Muhlenbergia
(Fig.
1
;
Peterson et al. 2010b
;
Peterson et al. 2021
).
Specimens examined.
Costa Rica
.
San
Jose
:
J.F. Morales 6707A
(MO); Cerro de Piedra Blanca, above
Escazu
,
P.C. Standley 32486
(
US
); Cord. Talamanca,
14 km
S of Division along the Interamerican Highway, roadside through oak forest, road fill,
R.W. Pohl & G. Davidse 11616
(
US
).
El Salvador
.
San Salvador
: Volcano of San Salvador,
A.S. Hitchcock 8938
(
US
).
Guatemala
.
Alta Verapaz
: Coban, Unter Kiefernwald,
H. Von Turckheim 3989
(
US
).
Guatemala
: Guatemala city, dry hill,
A.S. Hitchcock 9061
(
US
). Quetzaltenango: km 15.5,
M. de Koninck
,
M. 227
(
US
).
Huehuetenango
: San Juan Ixcoy, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,
3 mi
N of San Juan Ixocy on Hwy 9N,
P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4689
(MO); Huehuetenango,
P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4681
(MO).
Sacatepequez
: Magdalena,
W.A. Archer 3865
(
US
); Volcano Agua, open ground near
Antigua
,
A.S. Hitchcock 9135
(
US
); Volcano Agua,
A.S. Hitchcock 9136
(
US
).
Totonicapan
: San Francisco El Alto,
W.E. Harmon 4555
(MO).
Zacapa
: Forested slopes, Sierra de las Minas, near summit of mountain, between Rio Hondo and Finca Alejandria,
J.A. Steyermark 29683
(
US
).
Honduras
.
Copan
: Sta. Rosa de Copan,
W.A. Archer 3838
(
US
).
Francisco
Morazan
:
Santa
Lucia
, Quebrada Hierba Buena,
R. Clotter 87
(MO); Tatumbla, Cerro Uyuca,
I. Cruz 93
(MO); Tatumbla, Cerro Uyuca,
R.W. Pohl & M. Gabel 13414
(MO); Distrito Central, El Hatillo,
R.W. Pohl & M. Gabel 13463
(MO); Distrito Central, between El Hatillo and Los Jutes,
R.W. Pohl & M. Gabel 13790
(MO); Valle Angeles,
R. Ramos 99
(MO); Valle de los Angeles, El Balmoral,
C.
Roman
23
(MO); Drainage of the Rio Yeguare,
L. O. Williams 17001
(
US
); Cerro de Uyuca, along trail from Las Flores to La Labranza,
P.C. Standley 27380
(
US
); San Antonio del Oriente,
J.R. Swallen 10916
(
US
); Mt. Uyuca,
J.R. Swallen 11177
(
US
).
Mexico
.
Chiapas
:
Cacahoatan
:
3 km
NE of Huixtla on hwy to Motozintla,
W.D. Stevens & E.M.
Martinez
25671
(MO).
Ocozocoautla de Espinosa
:
13 km
E of Ocozocoautla on Rte. 190, then N on road to Aguacera,
M.J. Huft el al. 2252
(MO).
Ixtapa
:
1 km
W of Ixtapa,
F.W. Gould 12713
(ENCB).
Jitotol
: about
10 mi
NE of Bochil on Hwy 195,
J.R. Reeder & C.G. Reeder 6075
(ARIZ, ENCB, MO);
4 km
SE of Jitotol along road to Bochil,
G. Davidse et al. 29663
(MEXU); Slope,
10 km
N of Jitotol near Rio Hondo,
D.E. Breedlove & G. Davidse 55155
(CAS); Santa Isabel near Jitotol,
A. A. Beetle M-4091
(MEXU).
Ruiz
: camino de El Zopilote a San Juan Corapan,
A. Ramos 291
(MEXU).
Teopisca
: Belem,
8 km
NW of Teopisca along hwy. to
San Cristobal
de las casas,
G. Davidse et al. 29771
(MEXU);
8.2 mi
SE de
San
Cristobal
de las Casas,
P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4679
(
US
);
10.5 mi
SE of
San Cristobal
de las Casas,
P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4717
(ENCB, MEXU,
US
);
Venustiano Carranza
:
3 mi
S of Aguacatenango along rd to Pinola Las Rosas,
D. E. Breedlove & P. H. Raven 13458
(
US
).
Nicaragua
.
Esteli
:
Daraili
,
W.D. Stevens 15913
(MO).
Panama
.
Chiriqui
: vicinity of Boquete, from Boquete to
3mi
N,
W.H. Lewis et al. 332
(MO).