Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae) Author Framenau, Volker W. Author Hudson, Peter South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. & Email: Peter. Hudson @ samuseum. sa. gov. au udson@samuseum.sa.gov.au text European Journal of Taxonomy 2017 2017-07-06 335 1 72 journal article 22068 10.5852/ejt.2017.335 f3382433-ea2c-4ec8-b1fe-44320ac0893b 2118-9773 3832422 EFCD2BD0-D70E-4A9B-8EEA-FE86EDC66F57 Tetralycosa williamsi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 11336396-ED5B-4EBC-938B-DDDD097D5816 Figs 26 E–H; 28A–E; 29 Diagnosis The tegular apophysis of the male pedipalp in T. williamsi sp. nov. is most similar to that of T. eyrei ; however, it is not as broadly truncated. Females cannot be separated with certainty from T. adarca sp. nov. , T. halophila sp. nov. and T. eyrei (see ‘Diagnosis’ of T. adarca sp. nov. ). Etymology The specific epithet is a patronym in honour of the late W.D. (Bill) Williams, eminent limnologist, champion of salt lake ecology and conservation, and mentor of the junior author (P.H.). Type material Holotype AUSTRALIA : ♂ , South Australia , Lake Gilles , 2 km from shore , 32°47′ S , 136°48′ E , on salt lake, 3 Oct. 1995 , E.P. Shore leg. ( SAM NN13812 ). Paratypes AUSTRALIA : 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ , 2 juvs, South Australia , Lake Gilles, 32°42′00″ S , 136°54′30″ E , 12 Apr. 1980 , P. Hudson leg. ( SAM NN17384–5). Other material examined AUSTRALIA , South Australia : 1 ♀ , Lake Dutton, 31°48′30″ S , 137°10′30″ E ( SAM NN21884); 1 ♂ , Lake Finniss, 31°43′ S , 136°50′ E ( SAM NN21885); 1 ♂ , Lake Gilles, 33°03′52″ S , 136°40′08″ E ( SAM NN21889); 2 ♂♂ , 5 ♀♀ , 1 ♀ with spiderlings, 2 juvs, Lake Gilles, 32°47′ S , 136°48′ E ( SAM NN13809, NN21694, NN21916–8); 3 ♀♀ , 1 ♀ with spiderlings, Lake Gilles, NE part of lake, 32°41′30″ S , 136°54′50″ E ( SAM NN 21700, NN21706, NN21710); 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ with egg sac, Lake Hart, 31°13′40″ S , 136°22′45″ E ( SAM NN21749, NN21894); 1 ♂ , Lake McFarlane, 31°44′ S , 136°36′ E ( SAM NN21899); 1 ♀ , 3 juvs, Lake Torrens, 30°36′ S , 138°03′ E ( MV K8183); 1 ♂ , 3 ♀♀ , 1 juv. Tregalana Lake, 32°51′00″ S , 137°37′30″ E ( SAM NN21910; NN21919–21); 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ , Wirraminna 2 Lake, 31°29′40″ S , 136°18′25″ E ( SAM NN21780, NN21782, NN21784). Description MEASUREMENTS. ♂ holotype , SAM NN 13812 ( ♀ paratype , SAM NN 17385): TL 16.20 (19.50), CL 8.55 (9.90), CW 6.15 (7.20). Eyes:AME 0.52 (0.52),ALE 0.29 (0.34), PME 1.13 (1.20), PLE 0.98 (1.03). Row of eyes: AE 2.26 (2.52), PME 3.20 (3.32), PLE 4.50 (4.80). Sternum length/width: 4.28/3.15 (4.20/3.60). Labium length/width: 1.40/1.23 (1.49/1.57). AL 7.50 (9.00), AW 6.45 (7.05). Legs: Lengths of segments (femur + patella/tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): Pedipalp 4.20+4.20+ – +2.85 = 11.25, I 8.25+8.85+8.40+2.70 = 28.20, II 8.55+9.00+9.30+2.85 = 29.70, III 8.10+8.70+9.45+2.70 = 28.95, IV 9.60+10.35+11.63+3.30 = 34.88 (Pedipalp 3.90+4.35+ – +2.70 = 10.95, I 8.40+9.60+7.50+2.55 = 28.05, II 8.70+10.05+8.10+2.70 = 29.55, III 8.10+9.30+7.95+2.55 = 27.90, IV 10.05+11.25+10.80+3.15 = 35.25). VARIATION. ♂ ( ♀ ) (range, mean ± SD): TL 13.20–21.75, 17.93 ± 2.44; CL 7.95–10.20, 9.43 ± 0.73; CW 6.00–7.80, 7.05 ± 0.52; n = 9 (TL 15.45–24.90, 19.95 ± 3.05; CL 8.40–11.25, 9.79 ± 0.92; CW 6.15–8.25, 7.31 ± 0.75; n = 7). Male (based on holotype , SAM NN13812) CARAPACE ( Fig. 26E ). Cephalic area highest in lateral view and steep vertical slopes in frontal view; uniformly dark reddish-brown; covered with black setae, white setae towards margins and in cephalic area; brown macrosetae around PE; eight long brown bristles below AE; one long bristle between AME. EYES. Row of AE shorter than row of PME; row of AE strongly procurved. CHELICERAE. Dark reddish-brown; covered with white setae and few brown macrosetae; three promarginal teeth with the median largest; three retromarginal teeth of similar size. STERNUM ( Fig. 26F ). Light brown with darker pigmentation; covered with brown setae and laterally with longer brown macrosetae. LABIUM. Brown; front end truncate and white. PEDIPALPS ( Fig. 28 A–C). Tegular apophysis curved with a truncated tip ( Fig. 28A ); embolus straight and thin ( Fig. 28C ). ABDOMEN. Dorsally yellow-brown, black arrow-shaped heart mark; laterally of heart mark irregular black spots; covered with white setae and fewer macrosetae ( Fig. 26E ). Ventrally very dark olive-grey; yellow transverse band with three posterior tips behind epigastric furrow. Spinnerets brown ( Fig. 26F ). LEGS. Leg formula IV>II>III>I; brown, distal segments darker (in particular tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of leg I and II). Femora III and IV with two black annulations ventrally; scopulae on metatarsi and tarsi of leg I and II. Spination of leg I: femur: three (four on right leg) dorsal, four retrolateral, two apicoprolateral; patella: one prolateral, one retrolateral; tibia: one dorsal, three ventral pairs, two prolateral, two retrolateral; metatarsus: three ventral pairs, two prolateral, two retrolateral, one apicoventral, one apicoprolateral, one apicoretrolateral. Fig. 28. Tetralycosa williamsi sp. nov. , ♂, holotype (SAM NN13812) and ♀, paratype (SAM NN17384). A–B . Left male pedipalp, ventral and retrolateral view. C . Left male pedipalp, palea section of bulbus, ventral view. D–E . Female epigyne, ventral and dorsal view. Scale bar: A–B = 1.92 mm; C = 1.23 mm; D–E = 1.32. Female (based on paratype , SAM NN17385) CARAPACE, EYES, CHELICERAE, STERNUM, LABIUM, ABDOMEN ( Fig. 26 G–H). As male. EPIGYNE. Ventral view ( Fig. 28D ): ovoid median septum with anterior notch. Dorsal view ( Fig. 28E ): small spermathecal heads, convoluted spermathecal stalks attach posteriorly. LEGS. Leg formula IV>II>I>III. Colour pattern as male but distal segments not darker. Femoral annulations and scopulae as male. Spination of leg I: femur: three dorsal, two apicoprolateral, four retrolateral; patella: one prolateral; tibia: one dorsal, three ventral pairs, two prolateral, two retrolateral; metatarsus: three ventral pairs, two prolateral, two retrolateral, one apicoventral; one apicoprolateral; one apicoretrolateral. Fig. 29. Tetralycosa halophila sp. nov. and T. williamsi sp. nov. , distribution records in Australia. Life history and habitat preferences Adult spiders have been found on the surface of salt lakes between September and May (with a peak in December), but not in November and January. Females carrying an egg sac or spiderlings were found between January and March ( PH personal observation). Distribution Salt lakes in South Australia ( Fig. 29 ).