Dendropaemon Perty, 1830: taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny of the morphologically most derived phanaeine genus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, Phanaeini) Author François Génier Author Patrick Arnaud text Zootaxa 2016 4099 1 journal volume 10.11646/zootaxa.4099.1.1 5d7eab55-66e2-43ed-b764-bac0c6e5b6d6 1175-5326 268274 B73C1BE1-346A-4C89-86B2-51CDACE92877 20. Dendropaemon (Enicotarsus) viridipennis ( Laporte, 1831 ) ( Figs. 20 , 72–73, 116, 141, 157) Enicotarsus viridipennis Laporte 1831 , Mag. Zool. 1: 35 (original description) Enicotarsus viridipennis : Brullé 1837 , In: Hist. Nat . Ins. : 302 (diagnosis, comment) Enicotarsus viridipennis : Castelnau 1840 , Hist. Nat . Ins. 2: 83 (diagnosis, distribution) Dendropemon viridipennis : Harold 1869 , Cat. Col. IV: 1020 (catalogue) Dendropemon viridipennis : Gillet 1911 , Col. Cat. 38: 88 (catalogue) Dendropaemon viridipennis : Olsoufieff 1924 , Insecta 13: 127 (monograph) Dendropaemon viridipennis : Pessôa & Lane 1936 , Rev. Biol. Hygiene 7: 90 (identification key, comment) Dendropaemon viridipennis : Blut 1939 , Arch. Naturg. (N.F.) 8: 270 (monograph) Dendropaemon viridipennis : Pessôa & Lane 1941 , Arq. Zool. S. Paulo 2: 490 (identification key, distribution) Dendropemon viridipenne : Blackwelder 1944 , U.S. Nat . Mus. Bull. 185: 211 (checklist) Dendropaemon viridipennis : Lange 1947 , Arq. Mus. Paranaense 6: 314 (distribution) Dendropaemon (D.) viridipennis : Edmonds 1972 , Univ. Kansas Sc. Bull. 49: 850 (comment taxonomy) Dendropaemon viridipenne : Vaz-de-Mello 2000 , Hac. Proy. CYTED : 192 (faunistic) Dendropaemon (D.) viridipennis : Arnaud 2002 , Col. Monde 28: 15 (mention) Dendropaemon (D.) viridipennis : Vaz-de-Mello & Génier 2009 , Col. Bull. 63: 365 (biology) Type locality . Goyaz. Diagnosis. The only species in the genus with three-segmented meso and metatarsi and black body with metallic marking restricted to elytra. Description . Male neotype ( Fig. 20 ). Body . Body large, length 16.0 mm, maximum width 8.0 mm; body subrectangular in dorsal view; dorsum largely flat. Color . Dorsal surface black, glossy, with green metallic sheen; head black; pronotum black; elytra with uniform green metallic sheen; ventrum black; pygidium black; legs black. Head . Clypeus broadly arcuate, anterior portion slightly upturned; clypeal teeth triangular; clypeal median emargination v-shaped, clypeal edge emarginate on external side of each clypeal tooth, clypeal teeth ventral surface with a fine v-shaped carina, clypeal margin ill-defined, bordered posteriorly by a more or less regular row of punctures, clypeal surface with short and blunt transverse rugulae; clypeogenal suture well-defined, bluntly carinate internally; genal surface with fine blunt rugulae, transversely tumescent; clypeofrontal carina rather low, approximately 4 times wider than high, arcuate in dorsal view, simply carinate, clypeofrontal carina apical edge straight in frontal view; eyes small in dorsal view, interocular ratio 5.9. Pronotum . Pronotum transverse in dorsal view, pronotal width/length ratio 1.3; disc of pronotum minutely punctate on disc, punctures abruptly changing into fine rugulae on anterior and lateral declivities, with a fine longitudinal sulcus on posterior two-third; pronotal anterior margin slightly wider and flat lateral to eye; anterior portion with a strongly tri-sinuous carina produced into an acute transverse tubercle medially; anterior angles surface with fine blunt longitudinal rugulae, similar to lateral margin along posterior edge of anterior margin; lateral fossae simply rounded, concave; lateral portions slightly explanate; pronotal basal fossae small, well-defined and rather deeply impressed; posterior margin fine, interrupted on a short distance on each side of pronotal basal fossae, lacking setae. Elytra . Elytra approximately as long as wide in dorsal view, elytral combined width/length ratio 1.0; elytral base lacking distinct margin, simply convex; elytral striae 1–4 moderately wide basally and gradually tapering toward apex, lacking minute carina laterally on apical declivity, evenly impressed throughout, elytral striae 5 similar to 4 on disc, strial punctures minute, stria 1 well-defined apically, connecting to marginal stria; interstriae slightly convex, minutely punctate throughout, surface glossy. Thoracic sterna . Proepisternal carina complete, extending laterally; metasternal median lobe bluntly angularly produced anteromedially, ventral ridge absent. Legs . Profemur posterior surface flat, rather coarsely punctate and glabrous internally, posterointernal margin rather thick, uneven, internal edge rather wide, with a contiguous row of setae along anterointernal edge and few scattered long setae on anterior half, remaining surface with irregular ill-defined punctures and glossy. Protibia with four teeth on lateral edge; internal basal angle bluntly lobate; anterior surface with long aligned row of setae internally, surface glossy or feebly microsculptured; posterior surface with irregular rugose punctures externally to median carina, surface finely and irregularly microsculptured between punctures, with a single interrupted setal row along lateral teeth. Mesofemur angularly produced on anterointernal edge apically. Mesotibia rather short, gradually widening toward apex in anterior view; anteroapical edge straight in anterior view, anteroapical row of setae complete; apicoanterior edge circularly indented internally; external edge more or less rounded, with several large elongate setiferous punctures. Mesotarsus similar in shape to metatarsus, 3-segmented, first segment elongate, more than three times as long as wide at apex. Metafemur elongate, internal and lateral edges mostly parallel in ventral view, more than twice as long as wide, lacking distinct depressed area anterointernally before apex, apicoposterior edge unmodified, anterior surface with a well-defined sulcus on more than half the length. Metatibia moderately slender, slightly widening toward apex in anterior view, anterior surface with distinct row of setae, surface with irregular punctures and microsculpture, metatibial posterior surface flat between longitudinal row of setae and lateral edge, with transverse microsculpture and fine punctures. Metatarsus 3-segmented ( Fig. 116 ), first segment elongate, more than three time as long as wide at apex, with anterointernal carina ill-defined. Abdominal sternites . Sternites 3–6 longitudinally flat; sternites 4–6 with 1–3 unaligned rows of setae laterally, glabrous medially; sternite 7 approximately longitudinally flat medially, shorter than segment 6 along midline; pygidium finely punctate on disc. Male genitalia (Figs. 72–73). Parameres parallel sided and truncate apically in dorsal view, laterally concave before apex; with minute raspy tubercles apically. Measurements ( 27 males , 42 females ). Length: male 9.0–16.5 (13.5±1.8), female 11.5–18.0 (14.1±1.6) mm. Primary type data ( Fig. 141 ). Neotype male (MNHN) present designation : [Goyaz Bresil / Baer] handwritten; [Ex. Museo/ Thorey]; [WORLD/ SCARAB./ DATABASE/ WSD00016639]; [ NEOTYPE / Enicotarsus / viridipennis / Laporte, 1831 / dés. Génier & Arnaud, 2014] red card; [ Dendropaemon ♂/ viridipennis / Laporte, 1831 / dét. Génier & Arnaud, 2009]. Material examined . ARGENTINA : MISIONES, Loreto, ( 27°18'22''S , 55°32'10''W ), i.1955 , coll. F.H. Walz— 2 females , 2 males ( BDGC , CMNC , GHCM ); San Pedro , ( 26°37'18''S , 54°6'35''W ), xi.1936 , coll. Zenzes— 1 female ( CMNC ); BRAZIL : [unspecified locality], [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 7 females , 7 males ( BMNH , CPFA , IRSNB , MNHN ); BAHIA , Santo Antônio da Barra [= Condeúba], ( 14°54'S , 41°58'W ), xi–xii.1888 , coll. Gounelle— 1 female ( WDEC ); [unspecified locality], ( 12°18'S , 41°29'W ), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 male ( MNHN ); DISTRITO FEDERAL, Brasilia , ( 15°47'S , 47°55'W ), xii.1992 , coll. C. Godinho— 1 female , 1 male ( CEMT ); ESPIRITO SANTO , [unspecified locality], [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female ( MTD ); GOIÁS , Jataí, ( 17°53'S , 51°43'W ), 1895-96 , coll. Ch . Pujol— 1 female , 1 male ( MNHN ); same locality, 1898, coll. Ch . Pujol— 1 male ( MNHN ); same locality, i.1976 , coll. F.M. Oliveira— 1 female ( MNRJ ); Mineiros, ( 17°34'43''S , 52°32'32''W ), xii.1999 , coll. G. Machado— 1 female , 1 male ( CEMT ); Rio Verde, ( 17°47'50''S , 50°54'0''W ), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female ( MTD ); [unspecified locality], [no date], coll. Baer— 1 male ( neotype ) ( MNHN ); MATO GROSSO, Cuiabá, ( 15°35'45''S , 56°5'49''W ), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female , 2 males ( ZMHB ); same locality, [no date], coll. Virmond— 1 female ( ZMHB ); Tangará da Serra, ( 14°38'S , 57°30'W ), 2008, coll. R.J. Silva— 1 female ( CEMT ); MATO GROSSO DO SUL, Aparecida do Taboado, ( 20°5'20''S , 51°6'10''W ), 14.v.2004 , coll. E.P. Souza— 1 male (MEFEIS); Campo Grande, ( 20°26'30''S , 54°39'0''W ), iii.1986 – iii.1987 , coll. Bianchin et al.— 1 female ( CEMT ); Pôrto Alegre, ( 30°3'1''S , 51°10'38''W ), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female , 1 male ( MTD ); MINAS GERAIS, Barbacena, ( 21°13'35''S , 43°46'27''W ), [no date], coll. E.M. Melo— 1 female ( MNRJ ); Fazenda do Riacho Fundo, Campos de Diamantina, xii.1902 , coll. E. Gounelle— 1 female ( MNHN ); Ouro Preto, ( 20°23'S , 43°30'W ), 27.xii.1898 , coll. F. Ohaus— 1 female ( SMF ); Poços de Caldas, ( 21°46'25''S , 46°33'42''W ), XII.1985 , coll. Celso— 1 female ( COBF ); PARANÁ, Carambeí, ( 24°57'S , 50°6'30''W ), x.1945 , coll. F. Justus— 1 male ( CMNC ); RIO DE JANEIRO, Rio de Janeiro, ( 22°57'S , 43°13'W ), xi.1987 , coll. Nathan M. de Sá— 1 female ( CEMT ); SANTA CATARINA, [unspecified locality], [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 3 females , 1 male ( CNC , CPFA , IRSNB ); SÃO PAULO , Amparo, ( 22°42'5''S , 46°45'52''W ), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female ( CPFA ); Botucatu, ( 22°53'26''S , 48°27'19''W ), i.1982 , coll. G.S. Andrade— 1 female ( MNRJ ); Santo Amaro, ( 23°39'S , 46°42'W ), ii.1962 , coll. J. Lane— 1 female ( MZSP ); São José dos Campos, ( 23°11'S , 45°52'W ), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female ( MNRJ ); São Paulo, ( 23°32'S , 46°37'W ), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female ( MTD ); Tremembé, ( 22°57'38''S , 45°32'26''W ), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 male ( MNRJ ); [NO DATA ]: -., coll. [anonymous]— 5 females , 2 males ( CPFA , IRSNB , MNHN ); PARAGUAY : [unspecified locality], [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 male ( IRSNB ); CONCEPCIÓN, Horqueta, ( 23°19'41''S , 57°3'59''W ), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 male ( CAS ); CORDILLERA, Compañia Naranjo, 20.xii.2005 , coll. C. Aguilar— 1 male ( WDEC ); GUAIRÁ, Villarrica, ( 25°47'S , 56°27'W ), iv.1933 , coll. Koller— 1 female ( ZMHB ); ITAPÚA, Puerto Cantera, ( 27°13'44''S , 55°36'9''W ), xii.1956 , coll. [illegible]— 1 female ( CMNC ); URUGUAY : MONTEVIDEO, Montevideo, ( 34°51'29''S , 56°10'15''W ), [no date], coll. [anonymous]— 1 female ( MNHN ). Natural history . Unknown. Two specimens collected in unbaited pitfall traps, one individual found on the ground and another one collected in a flight interception trap. Remarks . Females differ by their lower and wider clypeofrontal carina and the straighter and less medially tuberculate pronotal anterior carina. Variation other than size, the tinge and intensity of the elytral metallic sheen will vary from week bluish to intense green and reddish coppery. A single individual seen with yellowish to reddish metallic sheen on pronotum. All other characters show no or insignificant variation. Nomenclature and taxonomy . See comment under D. ater for details on Laporte’s type specimens. A specimen from Kirby’s collection (OUMNH) labelled by Dejean as “ Enicotarsus viridipennis Delaporte ” is a putative type (pers. comm. F. Vaz-de-Mello). However, because the forebody (head and pronotum) is missing it is considered here as destroyed. Since the original type material of Laporte is considered lost, we are therefore designating a neotype to ensure taxonomic stability. This is necessary as the illustration provided by Laporte show a specimen with green metallic marking on the pronotum and clypeal teeth lacking emargination laterally and correspond to D. viridis . The type designation is based on the diagnostic character provided in the original description. Laporte clearly state that the species he is describing has a black pronotum and three-segmented meso- and metatarsi. Dendropaemon viridis has distinct green metallic sheen on pronotum and two-segmented meso- and metatarsi. The tarsus illustration provided by Laporte show three segments.