Unveiling Utricularia amethystina’s true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae) Author Baleeiro, Paulo C. 0000-0002-0484-3166 Department of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4076, Australia. & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. & uqpbalee @ uq. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0484 - 3166 uqpbalee@uq.edu.au Author Gonella, Paulo M. 0000-0001-8332-5326 Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Campus Sete Lagoas, Rodovia MG- 424, km 47, 35701 - 970, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. & pmgonella @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8332 - 5326 pmgonella@gmail.com Author Sano, Paulo T. 0000-0002-1709-1215 Department of Botany - Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo. Rua do Matão, 277, 05508 - 090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & ptsano @ usp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1709 - 1215 ptsano@usp.br Author Jobson, Richard W. 0000-0002-1822-9634 National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. & richard. Jobson @ botanicgardens. nsw. gov. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1822 - 9634 obson@botanicgardens.nsw.gov.au text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-12-15 576 1 29 54 http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2 e182c4cc-2536-4f6c-bdb0-be4704e50e4d 1179-3163 7440860 9. Utricularia pantaneira Baleeiro, Gonella, R.W.Jobson , sp. nov. — Fig. 4N Type: — BRAZIL . Mato Grosso : Santo Antônio do Leverger , 15˚36’40.6’’ S , 55˚29’41.1’’ W , 766m alt., 6 May 2013 , Baleeiro & Cardoso 325 ( Holotype : SPF , Isotype: NSW , UFMT ) . Diagnosis: — U. pantaneira is morphologically close to U. chapadensis due to corolla colour and size, but it is distinguished by its broader lower lip corolla lobes and spur cylindrical from a larger base. In addition, molecular data support this new species as sister to U. lindmani i, which does not share morphological similarities with U. pantaneira . Description: —Terrestrial or affixed sub-aquatic. Small to medium sized perennial herb , rhizoids absent. Stolons leaf like. Leaves dimorphic, at peduncle base spathulate to almost circular near the apex 2–6, forming a rosette up to 12 mm long, parallel nerves from the apex to petiole base, or linear 1–3, single nerve, up to 25 mm long. Traps on the linear leaves, dimorphic, type 1 globoid, sub-sessile, appendages deltoid, shorter trichomes under the appendages and around the trap door, up to 2.5 mm long., type 2 ovoid and much smaller 0.33 mm long, entrance lateral, chin-like welling and reduced appendages, stalk the same of trap length, capillary. Inflorescence simple, loosely, (130–) 160–280 mm long, peduncle glabrous 0.5–1.0 mm thick, scales chartaceous, ovate or ovate-elliptic, apex of upper-most scales 3-lobed 0.7 mm long, lower scales with entire rounded apex 0.4–0.6 mm long, bract and bracteoles connate above the middle, up to 1 mm long. Flowers 1–6, calyx lobes subsimilar, chartaceous, concave (culpulate), glabrous, inconspicuous simple nerves, upper lobe broadly ovate, apex rounded, margin not hyaline, 1.9–3.0 × 6.0– 2.5 mm , lower lobe broadly ovate, not hyaline, apex rounded, 1.2–2.2 × 1.6–2.4 mm , corolla yellow, 14–22 mm long, upper lip with sparse glandular trichomes, ovate or broadly ovate, apex rounded, up to x2.5> than calyx lobes, 2.6–4.6 × 2.1–4.4 mm , lower lip transversally elliptic, base gibbous, apex slightly 3-lobed, 4.8–7.0 × 6.6–10.8 mm , spur cylindrical from a larger base, minutely papillose 8.0– 10.5 mm long, filaments curved, 0.9–1.2 mm long, thecae distinct 0.75–0.80 mm long, ovary globose, glabrous, 0.5 mm long, style short, sparse trichomes, stigma lower lip semicircular, border ciliate, upper lip inconspicuous. Capsule globose 3 mm long, stigma covered by calyx at maturity. Seeds obliquely ovoid c. 0.35 mm long. Distribution and ecology: —Endemic to flooded regions of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul , Centra–West Brazil , in the Pantanal wetlands. Flowers during the wet season from January to May. Etymology: —The epithet is a name in apposition of the Portuguese demonym for an inhabitant of the Pantanal, pantaneira . Conservation status :—Vulnerable—VU D2. Utricularia pantaneira is known for a few populations from the east margin of Pantanal Wetland, a region that suffers from intense human interference, such as the record burning of 2020 ( Pivello et al. , 2021 ). Although intensifying sampling efforts in the region could uncover further populations of the taxon, the increasing pressure on natural habitats in the region could lead the species to a more severe category of threat in the short term. Additional specimens Examined: — BRAZIL . MATO GROSSO : Santo Antônio do Leverger , regi„o das chácaras do Aricá , 22 Fev. 1994 , Rivadavia & Cardoso 248 ( SPF ) . MATO GROSSO DO SUL : Fazenda Santa Rosa, Paiaguas, Pantanal , 24 Maio 1986, Pott, A . 2227 (UFMT).