A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador Author Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina Author Whitfield, James B. Author Janzen, Daniel H. Author Winifred Hallwachs, Author Dyer, Lee A. Author Smith, M. Alex Author Hebert, Paul D. N. Author Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. text ZooKeys 2019 890 1 685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 1313-2970-890-1 FD8F695311F64DF2950F6A387340BCE5 2691DADB7BA352BEBA377C901FC0AC97 Glyptapanteles sydneycameronae Arias-Penna sp. nov. Fig. 212 Female. Body length 2.63 mm , antenna length 3.03 mm , fore wing length 2.92 mm . Type material. Holotype : COSTA RICA • 1♀ ; 09-SRNP-41351, DHJPAR0035467; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Alajuela ; 405 m ; 10.90528 , -85.27882 ; 18.vi.2009 ; Anabelle Cordoba leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; adult parasitoids emerged on 23.vi.2009 , 29.vi.2009 . Mesochorus ( Ichneumonidae : Mesochorinae ) was reported as hyperparasitoid; ( CNC ). Paratypes . • 61 ( 4♀ , 2♂ ) ( 54♀ , 1♂ ); 09-SRNP-41351, DHJPAR0035467; same data as for holotype ; ( CNC ). Other material. Reared material. COSTA RICA : Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector Pitilla , Estacion Pitilla : • 19 ( 5♀ , 5♂ ) ( 5♀ , 4♂ ); 11-SRNP-31462, DHJPAR0045147; rain forest; 675 m ; 10.98931 , -85.42581 ; 22.v.2011 ; Ricardo Calero leg. ; caterpillar collected in first instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle and formed on 12.vi.2011 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 21.vi.2011 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Pitilla , Sendero Carica : • 212 ( 5♀ , 5♂ ) ( 186♀ , 16♂ ); 11-SRNP-31634, DHJPAR0045222; rain forest; 660 m ; 10.99284 , -85.42936 ; 14.vi.2011 ; Calixto Moraga leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle and formed on 22.vi.2011 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 29.vi.2011 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Pitilla , Sendero Orosilito : • 64 ( 5♀ , 4♂ ) ( 55♀ , 0 ♂ ); 11-SRNP-31539, DHJPAR0045239; rain forest; 900 m ; 10.98332 , -85.43623 ; 03.vi.2011 ; Freddy Quesada leg. ; caterpillar collected in second instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 15.vii.2011 . Diagnosis. Edges of median area on T2 polished and followed by a deep groove ( Fig. 212G ) and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition on T2 ( Fig. 212G ), in lateral view, metasoma laterally compressed ( Fig. 212A ), T3 longer than T2 ( Fig. 212H ), inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets ( Fig. 212B ), petiole on T1 evenly narrowing distally (wide base to a narrow apex, Fig. 212G ) and finely sculptured ( Fig. 212G, H ), propodeum without a median longitudinal dent ( Fig. 212F ), and fore wing with r vein straight, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a stub ( Fig. 212K ). Figure 212. Glyptapanteles sydneycameronae sp. nov. female 09-SRNP-41351 DHJPAR0035467 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T1-3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K Fore and hind wings. Coloration ( Fig. 212 A-K ). General body coloration black except scape and pedicel light brown; all antennal flagellomeres dorsally lighter (light brown) than ventrally (dark brown); glossa and tegulae yellow; mandible, clypeus, middle part of face just below antennal socket (toruli), propleuron (distally yellow), dorsal furrow of pronotum, epicnemial ridge, latero-ventral part of mesopleuron, mesosternum, distal corners of mesoscutum, lunules, BS , lateral ends of metanotum, PFM , BM with yellow-brown/reddish tints; maxillary and labial palps pale yellow/ivory. Eyes gray and ocelli reddish (in preserved specimen). Fore and middle legs dark yellow, except coxae and trochanters pale yellow/ivory, and brown claws; hind legs dark yellow except light brown coxae distally yellow, femora distally with a tiny brown dot, tibiae and tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 dark brown, contours darkened and sublateral areas ivory/pale yellow; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown, adjacent area with contours well-defined, and lateral ends dark yellow; T3 medially brown, proximally dark area coinciding with the width of median and adjacent areas on T2, but distally narrow, and not touching the distal edge, lateral ends yellow; T4 and beyond yellow, but medially with a dark brown area wider proximally than distally; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish translucent band. In lateral view, T1-2 yellow; T3 and beyond yellow, but distally with a narrow brown band. S1-5 yellow; hypopygium yellow, but medially light brown. Description. Head ( Fig. 212 A-D ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.22:0.65, 0.23:0.65, 0.22:0.65), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.14:0.06, 0.11:0.06), antenna longer than body (3.03, 2.63); antennal scrobes-frons sloped and forming a shelf. Face flat or nearly so, scattered and finely punctate, interspaces smooth and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces clearly smooth. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.10, 0.13). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally pointed or nearly so and dorsally wide. Mesosoma ( Fig. 212A, E, F, I ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct throughout, interspaces smooth. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS , but not in the same plane, scutellar punctation indistinct throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS mostly overlapping the MPM ; ATS demilune with complete undulate/reticulate carinae; dorsal ATS groove with carinae only proximally. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation nearly at the same level as mesoscutum (flat) and with same kind of sculpture as mesoscutum. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM semicircular without median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM ; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with a groove with some sculpturing and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half weakly curved relatively polished and distal half slightly rugose; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha without distinct short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron finely sculptured only ventrally and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum convex. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove smooth, shiny and shallow, but visible; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped. Legs ( Fig. 212A, J ). Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire without seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.13, 0.06). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface, dorsal outer depression absent. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.22, 0.18), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.11, 0.12). Wings ( Fig. 212K ). Fore wing with r vein straight; 2RS vein slightly convex to convex; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a present as spectral vein, sometimes difficult to see; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved and complete, but junction with 1-1A vein spectral. Hind wing with vannal lobe very narrow, subdistally straightened and subproximally evenly convex, and setae evenly scattered in the margin. Metasoma ( Fig. 212A, G, H, J ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured distal, but only laterally, evenly narrowing distally (length 0.40, maximum width 0.22, minimum width 0.09) and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.18, length T2 0.18), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.18, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.10); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.21, 0.18) and with scattered pubescence only distally. Pubescence on hypopygium dense. Cocoons. Oval cocoons with evenly smooth silk fibers. Cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle. Male. Coloration similar to that of females, although on metasoma the T4 and beyond terga are darker that the others and without the medial dark brown area present in females. Etymology. Sydney Anne Cameron is interested in social insect behavior, evolution, ecology, and phylogenetic theory of bees. Currently, she is a professor at UIUC , IL , USA . Distribution. Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica , ACG, Sector Pitilla ( Estacion Pitilla, Sendero Carica, and Sendero Orosilito) and Sector Rincon Rain Forest (Sendero Alajuela ), during June 2009 and May-June 2011 at 405 m , 660 m , 675 m , and 900 m in rain forest. Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious. Mesochorus ( Ichneumonidae : Mesochorinae ) was reported as hyperparasitoid. Host. Pachygonidia drucei (Rothschild & Jordan ), Enyo ocypete (L.) and Aleuron carinata (Walker) ( Sphingidae : Macroglossinae ) feeding on Doliocarpus multiflorus ( Dilleniaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in first, second, fourth and fifth instar.