A review of the South American genera of Cimbicidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) Author Vilhelmsen, Lars Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA. lbvilhelmsen@snm.ku.dk Author Smith, David R. B25C3A30-9EF6-4561-8DCE-C95869DFD7E8 sawfly2@aol.com Author Malagón-Aldana, Leonardo A. 4682DF93-FD43-4DDD-BC55-C323F1D2C738 Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA. leonardomalagon@snm.ku.dk text European Journal of Taxonomy 2018 2018-12-06 482 1 36 journal article 22176 10.5852/ejt.2018.482 96b86947-027d-4d56-915f-cc0cec1822ca 3825574 6F3B12C7-2311-48EA-8727-5B90489E26E3 Key to the species of South American Cimbicidae 1. Antennae with at least five antennomeres, one or more apical antennomeres expanded, forming distinct club ( Fig. 1 A–B); mesopseudosternal sulcus lateroventrally on mesopleuron absent; fore wing vein 2 r always present, vein Rs always absent between cells 1R and Rs ( Fig. 2 A–B); lateral part of abdominal terga separated from median by fold or unsclerotized line, spiracles below line on lateral part ( Fig. 3A ) …………………………………………………2. Cimbicidae – Antennae with various numbers of antennomeres, sometimes less than five; apical antennomeres usually not expanded; mesopseudosternal sulcus lateroventrally on mesopleuron present or absent; fore wing 2 r absent or present, vein Rs absent or present ( Fig. 2C ) between cells 1R and Rs; if antennal club present, then fore wing vein 2 r absent ( Fig. 2C ); lateral part of abdominal terga rarely separated from median part ( Fig. 3B ) ………………………………………not Cimbicidae 2. Five antennomeres present ( Fig. 1A ); median mesoscutal sulcus and notauli always well developed ( Fig. 4A ); fore wing with vein M always joins Sc+R close to Rs+M junction ( Fig. 2A ). Exclusively South American ……………………………………………………3. South American Cimbicidae – Five or more antennomeres present ( Fig. 1B ); median mesoscutal sulcus and notauli present or absent ( Fig. 4B ); if present, then fore wing vein M joins Sc+R well separate from Rs+M junction ( Fig. 2B ). Holarctic or Oriental, never South American …………………………other Cimbicidae Fig. 1. Antenna. A . Pseudabia fusca Schrottky, 1910 , ♀ (NMNH). B . Trichiosoma latreillei (Leach, 1817) , ♀ (NHML). Fig. 2. Fore wing, ♀♀. A . Pachylosticta apicalis (Westwood, 1835) (NHRS). B . Agenocimbex maculata (Marlatt, 1898) (NSMT). C . Pergidae , Parasyzygoniinae: Parasyzygonia cyanoptera ( Klug, 1824 ) (NHMD). Abbreviations: Rs, Rs+M, M, 2r, 2r-m, 2m-cu, 1a, 2a = wing veins; 1R*, Rs* = wing cells; violet arrow = junction between veins Sc+R and M; red arrow = junction between veins Sc+R and Rs+M. Fig. 3. Abdomen, lateral. A . Pachylosticta albiventris Klug, 1824 , Ƌ (NHMD). B . Pergidae , Parasyzygoniinae: Parasyzygonia cyanoptera ( Klug, 1824 ) , ♀ (NHMD). Abbreviations: T[n] = abdominal terga [n]. yellow arrow = spiracle; green arrow = separation between median and lateral parts of abdominal terga. 3. Females ……………………………………………………………………………………………4 – Males ………………………………………………………………………………………………10 4. Thorax extensively reddish brown, sometimes with mesoscutum blue-black metallic ( Figs 8 , 10–11 , 14A ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………5 – Thorax predominantly dark brown to black ( Figs 5A , 6A , 13A ), pronotal corners may be creamy white; never extensively reddish brown ……………………………………………………………8 5. Hind basitarsomere shorter than tarsomeres 2–4 combined ( Fig. 14A ); fore wing vein 1m-cu inserts on vein Rs+M more proximally, distance between 2r-m and 1m-cu insertions on Rs+M (red on Fig. 14D ) at least ¼ of distance between M and 1m-cu insertions on Rs+M (green on Fig. 14D ); hind wing cell Rs much smaller than cell M, cell M extending to vein Rs proximally ( Fig. 14D ) …………………………………………… Pseudopachylosticta subflavata Kirby, 1882 – Hind basitarsomere longer than tarsomeres 2–4 combined (cf. Fig. 9A ); fore wing vein 1mcu inserts on vein Rs+M distally, distance between 2r-m and 1m-cu insertions on Rs+M (red on Fig. 8A ) at most ¼ of distance between M and 1m-cu insertions on Rs+M (green on Fig. 8A ); hind wing cells Rs and M of approx. equal size, cell M does not reach vein Rs ( Fig. 10A ; see also Fig. 9B ) ……………………………………………………………6. Pachylosticta (females) 6. Abdomen colored blue-black metallic throughout ( Fig. 8A ) … Pachylosticta albiventris Klug, 1824 – Abdominal segments 1–3/5 reddish brown, remaining segments blue-black metallic ( Figs 10A , 11A ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………7 7. Apical antennomere with elongate, lighter colored area on ventral side ( Fig. 10 B–C); mesoscutum and mesoscutellum reddish brown ( Fig. 10A ); apex of fore wing darkly infuscate, proximal part much lighter ( Fig. 10A ) (male unknown) ……… Pachylosticta apicalis (Westwood, 1835) – Apical antennomere without elongate, lighter colored area on ventral side ( Fig. 11B ); mesoscutum mostly blue-black metallic, mesoscutellum reddish brown ( Fig. 11A ) (male unknown) ………………………………………………………… Pachylosticta plaumanni Malaise, 1939 Fig. 4. Thorax, dorsal. A . Pachylosticta albiventris Klug, 1824 , Ƌ (NHMD). B . Corynis obscura (Fabricius, 1775) , ♀ (NHMD). Abbreviations: yellow arrow = median mesoscutal sulcus; green arrow = notaulus. 8. Clypeus predominantly creamy white, contrasting with blackish-brown color of the rest of the head capsule ( Fig. 5B ); 1 st abdominal tergum subdivided medially by narrow longitudinal line ( Fig. 5C ) (male unknown) ………………………………… Brasilabia clypealba ( Conde, 1932 ) – Clypeus blackish brown like the rest of the head capsule ( Figs 6B , 13B ); 1 st abdominal tergum continuous medially ( Figs 6C , 13A ) ………………………………………………………………9 9. Dorsomedian margin of torulus pale, overhanging antennal foramen ( Fig. 6B ); dorsolateral corners of pronotum dark brown to black, as rest of pronotum ( Fig. 6C ); hind basitarsomere longer than tarsomeres 2–4 combined; hind wing vein M complete, cells Rs and M separated ( Fig. 6A ; see also Fig. 9B ); body length less than 1 cm …… Lopesiana thomasi ( Conde, 1937 ) – Dorsomedian part of torulus dark, not overhanging antennal foramen ( Fig. 13B ); dorsolateral corners of pronotum creamy white, contrasting with darker color of the rest of pronotum ( Fig. 13C ); hind basitarsomere shorter than tarsomeres 2–4 combined; hind wing vein M discontinuous, cells Rs and M partly confluent ( Fig. 13A [insert]); body length at least 1.5 cm (male unknown) …….... ............................................................................................……… Pseudabia fusca Schrottky, 1910 Fig. 5. Brasilabia clypealba ( Conde, 1932 ) , ♀ (NMNH). A . Habitus, lateral. B . Head anterior. C . Thorax, dorsal. Abbreviations: n2 = mesoscutum; T1 = 1 st abdominal tergum; red arrow = mesopleural groove; blue arrow = membranous line on T1; yellow arrow = median mesoscutal sulcus; green arrow = notaulus. Fig. 6. Lopesiana thomasi ( Conde, 1937 ) , ♀ (FIOC). A . Habitus, dorsal. B . Head anterior. C . Thorax, dorsal. D . Wings. Abbreviations: M, Rs+M, 1m-cu, 2m-cu, 2r-m = wing veins; n2 = mesoscutum; T1 = 1 st abdominal tergum; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; yellow arrow = median mesoscutal sulcus; green arrow = notaulus. 10. Antennae inserted very low on face, distance between toruli and median ocellus almost twice the distance between toruli and ventral margin of clypeus ( Fig. 7C ); body predominantly dark brown to black, no metallic areas ( Fig. 7A ); body length well below 1 cm … Lopesiana thomasi ( Conde, 1937 ) – Antennae inserted slightly below middle of face, distance between toruli and median ocellus at most equal to distance between toruli and ventral margin of clypeus ( Figs 8B , 10B , 11B , 14B ); body with extensive blue-black metallic coloration ( Figs 9A , 12 ); body length approx. 1.5 cm ……………11 11. Hind basitarsomere shorter than tarsomeres 2–4 combined (cf. Fig. 14A ); fore wing pterostigma not thickened and protruding from rest of anterior wing margin ( Fig. 15 ); hind wing cell Rs much smaller than cell M, cell M extending to vein Rs proximally ( Fig. 15 ) ……………………………… ……………………………………………………… Pseudopachylosticta subflavata ( Kirby, 1882 ) – Hind basitarsomere longer than tarsomeres 2–4 combined ( Figs 9A , 12 ); fore wing pterostigma thickened and protruding from rest of anterior wing margin ( Figs 9B , 12 ); hind wing cells Rs and M of approx. equal size, cell M does not reach vein Rs ( Fig. 9B ) …………12. Pachylosticta (males) Fig. 7. Lopesiana thomasi ( Conde, 1937 ) . A, C. Ƌ. (FIOC) B, D. ♀ (FIOC). A . Habitus, dorsal. B . Abdomen, dorsal. C . Head, anterior. D . Head and thorax, lateral. Abbreviations: T[n] = abdominal tergum [n]; blue arrow = dorsomedian margin of torulus; green arrow = position of posterior thoracic spiracle; red arrow = mesopleural groove. 12. Abdominal segments 1–3 and 7–9 in dorsal view blue-black metallic, segments 4–6 reddish brown ( Fig.12C ) …………………………………………………………………… Pachylosticta sp. (male) – Abdomen blue-black metallic throughout in dorsal view ( Fig. 12 A–B) …………………………13 13. Abdomen with sternum and laterotergum 2–4/5 creamy white to orange, contrasting with blueblack metallic color of rest of abdomen ( Fig. 9A ) …………… Pachylosticta albiventris Klug, 1824 – Abdomen blue-black metallic throughout ( Fig. 12 ) ……………………………………………14 14. Posterodorsal parts of mesopleuron yellowish white, remainder of mesopleuron blue-black metallic; all legs with tibia and most of tarsus yellowish white ( Fig. 12A ) (female unknown) …………………………………………………………………… Pachylosticta tibialis Klug, 1824 – Mesopleuron blue-black metallic throughout; legs blue-black metallic to dark brown throughout ( Fig. 12C ) (female unknown) ………………………………… Pachylosticta violacea Klug, 1824