A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae) Author Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti DEEF048E-97FB-4CCD-875F-5FA6184CA8AB&14A15A7F-730F-4D41-BDAC-D53514FAB85D Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. & Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503 - 090, São Paulo, Brazil. rodrigobouzan@outlook.com Author Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador DEEF048E-97FB-4CCD-875F-5FA6184CA8AB&14A15A7F-730F-4D41-BDAC-D53514FAB85D Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. & Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503 - 090, São Paulo, Brazil. rodrigobouzan@outlook.com Author Brescovit, Antonio Domingos 14A15A7F-730F-4D41-BDAC-D53514FAB85D&D5B81D79-AFAE-47B1-8A6E-DAB448A24BCC Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503 - 090, São Paulo, Brazil. rodrigobouzan@outlook.com&antonio.brescovit@butantan.gov.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-04-27 867 1 1 312 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109 journal article 57602 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109 1d2570da-e150-4d75-94d8-bfc5813062bc 2118-9773 7891021 8DEF295C-A8B1-4A6B-B873-B30949F64E07 Pseudonannolene ambuatinga Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013 Figs 46–47 , 165A , 167B , 177C , 180 ; Supp. file 4: Figs 215A , 220D , 222B Pseudonannolene ambuatinga Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013b: 358 , figs 1–6. Pseudonannolene saguassu Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013b: 363 , figs 7–10. Syn. nov. Pseudonannolene canastra Gallo & Bichuette, 2020: 37 , figs 3–6. Syn. nov. Pseudonannolene ambuatinga – Iniesta & Ferreira 2014: 363 . — Karam-Gemael et al. 2018 : figs 2–3. — Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 42 ; 2020: 34 . Pseudonannolene saguassu – Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 48 . Justification of synonymy Having studied the original descriptions, closely examined the type species of P. ambuatinga and P. saguassu and topotypes from caves in the Arcos-Pains-Doresópolis speleological unit, the species P. saguassu and P. canastra are here treated as junior synonyms of P. ambuatinga , according to the similarities in gonopod structure (telopodite and internal branch) and first leg-pair of males. Regarding the species P. canastra , the males described correspond to immatures due to the prefemoral process of first leg-pair being still incipient, short and with few and scattered setae ( Gallo & Bichuette 2020: 37 , fig. 3d–e), and the gonopod not fully developed, mainly the internal branch and gonocoxa ( Gallo & Bichuette 2020: 37 , fig. 6a–d) (see previous sections for more details on gonopod morphology and ontogeny in Pseudonannolene ). Diagnosis Resembling P. lundi and P. spelaea by having head, trunk, and legs depigmented ( Fig. 46 ). Males of P. ambuatinga differ from P. lundi by having a subtriangular solenomere ( Fig. 47D ) instead of a square-shaped square-shaped solenomere, and from P. spelaea by having seminal apophysis evident and by the number of ommatidia (ca 25) ( Fig. 46A ). Etymology A combination of words of the Brazilian Indian language Tupi-Guarani, ‘ ambus ’ = ‘millipede’, and ‘ tinga ’ = ‘white’, referring to the body depigmentation of the species ( Iniesta & Ferreira 2013b ). Material examined Holotypes BRAZIL • ♂ , holotype of P. ambuatinga ; Minas Gerais , Pains , cave Loca d’Água de Baixo ; [ -20.369647 , -45.692915 ]; 28 Jan. 2009 ; R.L. Ferreira et al. leg.; ISLA 2267 . BRAZIL • ♂ , holotype of P. saguassu ; Minas Gerais , Pains , cave Éden ; [ -20.384577 , -45.666798 ]; 15 Mar. 2012 ; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA . Paratypes (total: 3 ♂♂ , 5 ♀♀ ) BRAZIL • 1 ♂ , paratype of P. ambuatinga ; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 2272 • 1 ♀ , paratype of P. ambuatinga ; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 2268 • 1 ♀ , paratype of P. ambuatinga ; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 2269 • 1 ♀ , paratype of P. ambuatinga ; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 2270 • 1 ♀ , paratype of P. ambuatinga ; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 2271 • 1 ♂ , paratype of P. saguassu ; Minas Gerais , Pains , cave Éden ; [ -20.384577 , -45.666798 ]; 15 Mar. 2012 ; R.L. Ferreira , P. Ratton and M. Souza-Silva leg.; ISLA 2273 • 1 ♂ , paratype of P. saguassu ; same collection data as for preceding; ISLA 2275 • 1 ♀ , paratype of P. saguassu ; same collection data as for preceding; ISLA 2274 . Other material (total: 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ) BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂ ; Arcos ,, cave Alinhamento ; [ -20.289079 , -45.540084 ]; 766 m a.s.l. ; 1 Jun. 2002 ; R.L. Ferreira et al. leg.; IBSP3442 • 1 ♀ ; Iguatama , cave Arcaica ; [ -20.286839 , -45.793289 ]; 700 m a.s.l. ; 25 Jan. 2008 ; E.O. Machado and J.P.P. Barbosa leg.; IBSP 3315 . Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS . 58–60 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 35–42.5 mm ; maximum midbody diameter 1.8–1.9 mm . Females: body length 36–41 mm ; maximum midbody diameter 2–3.1 mm . COLOR . Living specimens depigmented. Color when stored in 70% ethanol: uniform pale brownish whitish, slightly darker posteriorly on prozonites; head, collum, antennae, and legs light brown. HEAD . Antennae short ( Fig. 46A ), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 1<2<3>4>5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin swollen. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 23 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS . Collum with lateral lobes broadly rounded, with ca 10 striae ( Fig. 46A ). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae ( Fig. 167B ). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES . Coxae ( cx ) elongated (as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base slightly arched, densely setose ( Fig. 47A ); prefemoral process ( prf ) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along in its entire extension ( Fig. 47B ); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES . Coxa ( cx ) large and subrectangular; penis ( pn ) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally ( Fig. 47C ); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose, with long setae mesally. GONOPODS . Gonocoxa ( gcx ) elongated, but less than twice the length of the telopodite, with the base slightly arched; slightly flattened antero-posteriorly ( Fig. 47D–F ); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove ( sg ) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis ( sa ). Shoulder ( sh ) inconspicuous. Telopodite ( tp ) less than half as wide as gcx ( Fig. 47D ); solenomere ( sl ) with apicomesal process ( amp ) subtriangular; ectal process absent; sa located at medial portion, visible apically. Internal branch ( ib ) shovel-shaped and rounded apically, with horizontal plate; setae restricted to the apical region of ib exceeding seminal region of sl ( Fig. 47D–F ). VULVAE . As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous ( Fig. 177C ); internal valve subtriangular; operculum narrow, not curved medially; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution A troglomorphic species known only from caves in the Karst region of Pains and surrounding municipalities (Arcos-Pains-Doresópolis speleological unit), state of Minas Gerais , Brazil ( Fig. 180 ). This karst, which comprises the highest density of caves known for South America, harbors many other undescribed and described cave-dwelling species ( Álvares & Ferreira 2002 ; Parizotto et al . 2017 ; Gallão & Bichuette 2018 ; Pellegrini et al . 2020 ). Comments Although the examination of the type material of the junior synonym P. canastra deposited at the Laboratório de Estudos Subterrâneos (LES/UFSCar) was not possible during this study, the original description and figures provided by Gallo & Bichuette (2020) are highly detailed.