Seven species of Pseudopecoeloides Yamaguti, 1940 (Digenea, Opecoelidae) from temperate marine fishes of Australia, including five new species Author Aken'Ova, Thelma Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane ,, Australia Author Cribb, Thomas The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Author Bray, Rodney Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom text ZooKeys 2009 2009-02-16 5 5 1 32 journal article 10.3897/zookeys.5.54 a17ca975-c052-45ac-b5f9-6a48c8efe7bd 1313–2970 576427 3CB53927-ADD1-4012-9088-F253156215A2 Pseudopecoeloides lesteri Aken’Ova, Cribb & Bray, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D5F80409-0968-4CFD-BC49-C8471ED6B9A2 Type-host : Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider) ( Carangidae : Perciformes ), white trevally. Other host: Pseudocaranx wrighti (Whitley) ( Carangidae : Perciformes ), skipjack trevally. Type-locality : Off Kingscote, Kangaroo Island, South Australia , 35°40’S , 137°39’E , December 1995 . Other locality: Off North Mole, Fremantle, Western Australia , 32°03’S , 115°43’E , December 1994 . Table 1. Pseudopecoeloides species (not immediately distinguishable from the other species) in Group A – Species with oral sucker larger than ventral sucker.

Species	P. psettodi	P. capucini	P. wekeula	P. opelu	P. chloroscombri	P. arripi sp. n.	P. hickmani sp. n.	P. hafeezullahi sp. n.
No. examined	??	10?	42	25	20	10	7	10
Reference	Parukhin (1983)	Toman (1982)	Yamaguti (1970)	Yamaguti (1970)	Bartoli et al. (2003)	This study, from Western Australia	This study	This study
Length	3,100	5,250-6,780	1,500-4,800	1,400-3,600	2,907-7,060	2,161-4,152	3,204-4,929	2,452-3,564
Width	220	530-730	180-500	140-400	253-514	210-347	205-301	226-321
Mean	4,470 × 374	(3,361 × 280)	(4,213 × 249)	(3,026 × 274)
Length/Width	14.1*; 9.5*	8.6*	8.5*	11.0*	11.95*	9.3 -14.0	15.6-19.2	8.9-12.6
Mean	(12)	(17.0)	(11.1)
Oral sucker length	180-200	100-210	60-190	163-266	129-221	131-175	128-163
Oral sucker width	170-210	100-200	60-200	173-262	114-179	112-155	110-169
Mean	(210 × 220)	(65 × 145)	(159 × 134)	(147 × 141)
Ventral sucker length	130-140	70-130	100-138 ×	73-94	71-79	85-111
Ventral sucker width	130-170	95-160	60-150	122-176	82-108	78-92	96-110
Mean	(124 × 154)	(84 × 91)	(73 × 85)	(96 × 105)
V.S./O.S. Width	0.6*	0.6*	0.7*	0.6*	0.54-0.86 (0.73)	0.5-0.7 (0.6)	0.5-0.8 (0.6)	0.6-0.9 (0.7)
Pharynx length	130-150	50-150	50-150	131-173	59-105	71-101	85-115
Pharynx width	110-140	50-140	50-140	106-166	70-109	116-197	99-122
Mean	(154 × 131)	(85 × 94)	(87 × 163)	(99 × 111)
O.S./pharynx W.	2.9*	1: 1.7*	2.0*	1.8*	*1.18	1.4-1.8 (1.5)	1.4-1.6 (1.5)	1.1-1.4 (1.3)
Forebody L.	270-616 (442)	288-409 (344)	337-399 (362)	299-465 (384)
Forebody% Body L.	7.3*	12.3*	14.6*	11.8*	8.9-14.6 (10.4)	7.7-10.5 (8.7)	11.0-15.3 (12.9)

Species	P. psettodi	P. capucini	P. wekeula	P. opelu	P. chloroscombri	P. arripi sp. n.	P. hickmani sp. n.	P. hafeezullahi sp. n.
Post-testicular region (PTR)	1,092-2,203 (1,618)	633-1323 (1054)	1005-1639 (1472)	797-1159 (971)
PTR % body L.	25.5*	28.4*	25.7*	21.3*	*36.2	27.8-35.2 (31.4)	31.4-37.1 (34.9)	28.0-34.2 (32.1)
Eggs	46-53 × 26	52-62 × 37-48	51-70 × 32-49	46-63 × 30-46	51-68 × 28-39	51-74 × 20-39	44-71 × 20-42	40-60 × 20-37
Mean	(61 × 30)	(59 × 28)	(55 × 26)	(52 × 26)
Genital pore from anterior extremity	5.18*	155-220 (190)	184-213 (197)	142-181 (166)
Above as % body L.	4.5*	8.2*	7.8*	4.5-7.2 (5.8)	4.0-5.9 (4.7)	4.6-6.7 (5.5)
Ventral sucker peduncle % body L.	8.3*	10.3-16.7 (14.4)	13.3-17.5 (15.3)	10.1-11.8 (10.9)
Forebody/Ventral sucker peduncle	0.6-0.96 (0.73)	0.4-0.8 (0.6)	1.0-1.3 (1.2)

* values derived from measuring published figures directly or calculated from published measurements. Site : Intestine. Material studied: Ex Pseudocaranx dentex : 4 off Kingscote; ex Pseudocaranx wrighti : 2 off North Mole. Type-material : Holotype : Queensland Museum , Reg. No. QM G 230452 , paratypes : Queensland Museum , Reg. Nos QM G 230453 -4, BMNH Reg. No 2008.12.9.7-8. Description ( Figures 7 -11): Based on 6 gravid, unflattened, laterally mounted worms from Pseudocaranx dentex and P. wrighti and 1 set of sagittal serial sections. Measurements are based on 3 gravid, unflattened, laterally mounted specimens from P. dentex ; measurements of worms from P. wrighti are given in Table 3 . Body elongate, slender, subcylindrical; maximum width in region of gonads, 1,373 -1,587 (1,482) × 158-170 (163); width to length ratio 1:8.5-10.0 (9.1). Oral sucker spherical to subspherical, opening nearly terminal, 85-95 (89) × 84-89 (86). Ventral sucker pedunculate, close to anterior end, larger than oral sucker, subspherical, 105-107 (106) × 119-125 (123); sucker width ratio 1:1.4-1.5 (1.4). Ventral sucker peduncle short, broad, 218-232 (225) × 132-158 (145), 14.6-15.9 (15.2) % of body length. Forebody relatively short, contains numerous gland cells, 261-323 (296) long, 19.0-21.7 (19.9) % of body length; peduncle to forebody length ratio 1:1.2-1.3 (1.3). Prepharynx distinct, short, feebly developed. Pharynx large, spherical to subspherical, 67-77 (72) × 76-77 (76); pharynx to oral sucker width ratio 1:1.1-1.2 (1.1). Oesophagus short, thin walled, surrounded by gland cells. Intestinal bifurcation dorsal to ventral sucker, 8-49 (28) posterior to anterior margin of ventral sucker peduncle. Caeca long, open into excretory vesicle close to posterior extremity to form uroproct ( Figure 9 ). Testes 2, entire, subspherical, usually separated, contiguous in one specimen, tandem, in posterior half of body; anterior 136-147 (141) × 94-125 (113); posterior 146-165 (159) × 104-129 (120). Post-testicular area 289-384 (325) long, 19.4-24.2 (21.9) % of body length. Cirrus-sac absent. Seminal vesicle long, tubular, narrow and convoluted anteriorly, large and vesicular posteriorly; posterior portion 100-107 (103) × 50-60 (55). Pars prostatica distinct, large, surrounded by gland cells. Ejaculatory duct thick-walled, with distinct sphincter at anterior extremity (see Figure 8 ), surrounded by gland cells. Genital atrium small. Genital pore antero-sinistral to intestinal bifurcation, close to anterior extremity, 124-133 (129) from anterior end, 8.4-9.0 (8.7) % of body length. Ovary pre-testicular, entire, usually contiguous with anterior testis, separate in 1 specimen , spherical to subspherical, 71-77 (74) × 67-73 (69). Mehlis’ gland distinct, anterior to antero-dorsal to ovary. Uterine seminal receptacle present. Laurer’s canal present, thick-walled, opens dorso-sinistrally to ovary, at about level of its anterior margin. Metraterm distinct, thick-walled, with distinct sphincter at anterior extremity, surrounded by gland cells; thick-walled muscular structure appears to enclose anterior extremities of ejaculatory duct and metraterm ( Figure 8 ). Eggs relatively large, operculate, 64-75 (69) × 27-44 (34). Vitelline follicles restricted to hindbody, extend from 499-623 (553) from anterior extremity, 33.8-41.9 (37.3) % of body length, to 26-40 Figs 7-9. Pseudopecoeloides lesteri sp. n. ex Pseudocaranx dentex . 7. Whole-mount latero-ventral view. 8. Terminal genitalia. 9, Ventral view of posterior end showing uroproct. Abbreviations: ms, muscular structure; pc, prostatic cells; gc, gland cells. Scale bars : 7, 250 µm ; 8, 9, 100 µm . Figs 1 0-11. Pseudopecoeloides lesteri sp. n. ex Pseudocaranx wrighti . 10. Whole-mount latero-ventral view. 11. Terminal genitalia. Scale bars : 10, 250 µm ; 11,100 µm . (35) from posterior extremity; fields confluent dorsally and ventrally in post-testicular area, dorsally or not between posterior margin of posterior testis and anterior limit with interruptions in areas around gonads, separate ventrally, with follicles lying lateral, ventral and dorsal to caeca; anterior limit slightly posterior to posterior margin of seminal vesicle. Excretory pore terminal. Excretory vesicle I-shaped, long; posterior extremity forms short narrow duct surrounded by gland cells; vesicle reaches to ovary. Etymology : This species is named for Professor R. J. G. Lester for his contributions to marine parasitology. Comments : The specimens from Pseudocaranx wrighti are almost identical to those from P. dentex in general appearance and in all metrical features ( Tables 2 , 3 ) and are considered to be conspecific. Pseudopecoeloides lesteri sp. n. can be accommodated in Group B. P. mugilis and P. gracilis can immediately be distinguished from all the other worms in the group; P. mugilis has the shortest post-testicular area relative to the body length and P. gracilis is the least elongate and has the largest ventral sucker relative to the size of the oral sucker ( Table 2 ). P. lesteri can be distinguished from the remaining species by its greater sucker ratio, larger pharynx relative to the oral sucker, longer forebody and shorter post-testicular area relative to the body length. It is more elongate than P. akule but less so than P. scomberi , as shown in their length/width ratios. The genital pore of the new species is more posteriorly situated than in P. scomberi ( Table 2 ).