The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)
Author
Dubois, Alain
Author
Bour, Roger
text
Zootaxa
2010
2447
1
52
journal article
10.5281/zenodo.195113
ac79dfcb-3922-4aaf-8bfd-f5679b18b704
1175-5326
195113
Ranella
Garsault, 1764
and
Ranetta
Garsault, 1764
The upper half of plate 672 of
Garsault (1764)
shows a small tree-frog, sitting on a leaf of reed (
Typha
sp.). On the plate, it bears the nomen
Ranetta
or “Grenouille St Martin” (“Grenouille
Saint-Martin
” in p. 18 of the list of plates). This new generic nomen is not associated with a specific nomen. A fact that has escaped the attention of
Welter-Schultes & Klug (2009)
is that this generic nomen was spelt differently, as
Ranella
, in the table of the plates at the end of the same book (
Garsault 1764: 18
). In the subsequent editions of
Garsault (1765
,
1767
), both these original spellings are repeated in the plate and in the table of plates, but in the account for plate 672 (p. 414), the spelling used is
Ranetta
. This situation qualifies as that of
multiple original spellings
as described in Article 19.3 and in the
Glossary
(p. 116) of the
Code
, or more briefly
symprotographs
(
Dubois & Ohler 2009
,
Dubois 2010
a
). In such a case, according to Article 32.2 of the
Code
, the
correct original spelling
among these alternative original nomina is that chosen by the First-Reviser. After this choice has been published, only the spelling chosen is nomenclaturally available, the rejected nomen becoming an
incorrect original spelling
, which “
has no separate availability and cannot enter into homonymy or be used as a substitute
name
” (Article 39).
In the present case, the situation is different for the two spellings, because of problems of homonymy. The nomen
Ranetta
has apparently never been used for any other generic nomen in zoology.
Neave (1940: 11)
credited “Geoffroy, 1767” with a nomen
Ranetta
, but his brief reference (“
Descr. Plant etc
. p. 414”) points in fact to the 1767 book of Garsault.
As
for
Ranella
, a homonymous nomen was created by
Lamarck (1816: pl. 412)
for a genus of molluscs that has been in permanent use since its creation and is the nucleogenus (typegenus) of the family
RANELLIDAE
Gray, 1854
and of its subfamily
RANELLINAE
(see
Bouchet & Rocroi 2005
: 253). Validating
Ranella
as of
Garsault (1764)
would uselessly threaten the molluscan nomina. For this reason, acting as First-Revisers, we hereby select
Ranetta
as the correct original spelling of the generic nomen created in plate 672 by
Garsault (1764)
.
This nomen was clearly created for a small tree-frog of the genus currently known as
Hyla
Laurenti, 1768
(family
HYLIDAE
Rafinesque, 1815
). The nucleospecies of this genus, by subsequent designation of
Stejneger (1907: 75)
, is
Hyla viridis
Laurenti, 1768
, a junior doxisonym of
Hyla arborea
(
Linnaeus, 1758
)
(see
Dubois & Ohler 1997
b
). Two species of this genus occur in
France
(
Stöck
et al.
2008
a
):
Hyla arborea
(
Linnaeus, 1758
)
in northern
France
and
Hyla meridionalis
Boettger,
1874
in southern
France
.
As
Garsault was working in the northern part of
France
, we hereby designate
Rana arborea
Linnaeus, 1758
as nucleospecies (typespecies) of
Ranetta
Garsault, 1758, as already suggested by
Welter-Schultes & Klug (2009: 235)
. The generic nomen
Hyla
having been in wide and universal use for about two centuries (for a list of more than 25 recent references, see e.g.
García-París
et al.
2004
: 481–588), and Garsault’s nomen having been ignored since its creation, the prevailing usage must be maintained according to Article 23.9.1 of the
Code
, and
Ranetta
Garsault, 1764
is an invalid senior doxisonym of
Hyla
Laurenti, 1768
.