Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of the Sphaeriinae (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae) Author Bespalaya, Yulia V. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation & Laboratory of Macroecology & Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7 - 9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation Author Vinarski, Maxim V. Laboratory of Macroecology & Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7 - 9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation Author Aksenova, Olga V. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation Author Babushkin, Evgeniy S. Laboratory of Macroecology & Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7 - 9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation & Surgut State University, Lenina Ave., 1, 628403 Surgut, Russian Federation Author Gofarov, Mikhail Yu. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation Author Kondakov, Alexander V. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation Author Konopleva, Ekaterina S. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation Author Kropotin, Alexander V. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation Author Mabrouki, Youness Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez. B. P. 1796, 30003 Fès-Atlas, Morocco Author Ovchankova, Nadezda B. Laboratory of Macroecology & Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7 - 9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation & Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation Author Palatov, Dmitry M. Laboratory of Macroecology & Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7 - 9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation & A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prt., 33, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation Author Sokolova, Svetlana E. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation Author Shevchenko, Alexander R. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation Author Travina, Oksana V. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation Author Taybi, Abdelkhaleq F. Mohammed Premier University, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Applied Biology and Biotechnology Research Team, B. P 300, 62700 Selouane, Morocco Author Soboleva, Alena A. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation Author Zubrii, Natalia A. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation Author Bolotov, Ivan N. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2024 2023-11-04 201 2 305 338 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad139 journal article 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad139 0024-4082 13220074 DC94015-12D0-42CB-B21E-F7C950E94EFDEuglesa Genus Euglesa Jenyns, 1832 Type species: Tellina pusilla W. Turton, 1819 (non Tellina pusilla Lamarck, 1806 ) = Euglesa personata (Malm, 1855) . Diagnosis: This genus comprises not less than 35 valid species ( Table 1 ). The shell is small sized (min–max shell length 2.5– 6.0 mm). The beaks are shifted to the posterior edge or located near the middle of the shell ( Figs 5A , 6A ). Similar to Pisidium , only the exhalant siphon and a branchial mantle opening are present in the species of this genus. The branchial siphon is reduced. The outer demibranch (with certain reduction) and inner demibranch usually present ( Fig. 7A ). In addition, some species are characterized by a very small outer demibranch, as well as its complete reduction. For example, both states of this character were observed in the North American species Euglesa compressa ( Korniushin and Glaubrecht 2002 ) . Reproductive biology: This genus is characterized as synchronous brooders (embryos are developing within a distinct brood sac). Distribution: The genus has wide (subcosmopolitan) distribution, covering Eurasia, Africa, North America, and Australia , including high-altitude and high-latitude regions ( Fig. 3B ).