Fifty new genera of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) Author Cong, Qian Author Zhang, Jing Author Shen, Jinhui Author Grishin, Nick V. text Insecta Mundi 2019 2019-10-11 731 731 1 56 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.3677235 1ee19d5d-27cf-4c93-989c-3fe3eb467203 1942-1354 3677235 BA35690A-FC73-4E5A-A805-FE9550275FEC Aurivittia Grishin , new genus http://zoobank.org/ C2C0299C-67C8-4F0E-ACB8-29A7292E10BD Type species. Plesioneura aurivittata Moore, 1878 . Definition. Surprisingly, a possible sister genus to Alenia Evans, 1935 ( type species: Pyrgus sandaster Trimen, 1868 ), and in the same clade with Apallaga Strand, 1911 ( type species Apallaga separata Strand, 1911 ), but genetically far removed from these and all other taxa ( Fig. 3 ). Species in this genus were formerly placed in Celaenorrhinus Hübner, [1819] ( type species Papilio eligius Stoll, [1781] ;) and key to B. 6.30 in Evans (1949) , notably lacking hair pencil on hind tibiae, which other Celaenorrhinus -like taxa possess. Morphologically, distinguished from Celaenorrhinus (sensu stricto) by essentially undivided uncus, sometimes with small knobs (not processes) as arms and the lack of hair pencil on hind tibiae; and from Alenia (a genus with undivided uncus) by the shape of valva that is not terminally split like a crab claw, and the presence of yellow band across the forewing. In male genitalia most similar to Apallaga , a genus with many species characterized by undivided uncus, but differs in longer gnathos (not less than half of the uncus length), thicker penis, valva with more robust and broad harpe that is gradually curved dorsad (not ventrad), does not carry any processes and is not forked, but narrows to a single point, and ampulla with a long process (style) along the harpe. In wing patterns, hindwing is not prominently variegated dorsally and is mostly unmarked, forewing with a compact yellow discal band with regular edges that does not extend into the discal cell and frequently with a triplet of apical yellow spots. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic: aly 2532.2.1 :T488A, aly997.12.1:C310A, aly527.19.4:T178A, aly822.15.1:C589A, aly235.8.18:G1178A. Figure 2. Genomic trees of Eudaminae and representatives of other Hesperiidae subfamilies. The trees are built from protein-coding regions in different genomic partitions: a) Nuclear genome. b) Z chromosome. c) Mitochondrial genome; d) COI barcode. The trees are rooted with Pterourus glaucus (NVG-1670), not shown. See Table 1 and Table S1 in the Supplemental file deposited at https://osf.io/5cfht/?view_only=21eb53b6f8f344afaee3de2be90bf 5d2 for additional data about these specimens. Where possible, taxa are ordered similarly to that in the nuclear genome tree. Names of species placed in new genera described in this work are highlighted in yellow and clades of these genera are colored in red. Clades for genera where these species were placed previously are colored in blue and green arrow points from the former genus to the new genus (only on nuclear genome tree). Names of genera resurrected from synonymy are highlighted in cyan. Names of genera that form new genus-species combinations proposed in this work are highlighted in magenta. Statistical support values are shown by nodes in all but the COI barcode trees. COI barcode NJ dendrogram is given for comparison and is not expected to reflect phylogeny. The same notations are used in Fig. 2–13. Etymology. The name is a feminine noun in the nominative singular, formed to reflect the golden stripe on the forewing, similar to the name of the type species. Species included. The type species, Plesioneura cameroni Distant, 1882 , and Celaenorrhinus vietnamicus Devyatkin, 1998 . Parent taxon. Tribe Celaenorrhinini Swinhoe, 1912 . Comments. These south Asian butterflies are not so prominently distinct from the striped species of Celaenorrhinus . Therefore, their uniqueness was not apparent prior to our genomic study, although genitalic features revealed a posteriori can diagnose the genus morphologically. Phylogenetic placement of this Asian genus in the African clade of Celaenorrhinini Swinhoe, 1912 is interesting.