Order Carnivora Author Wilson, Don E. Author Reeder, DeeAnn text 2005 The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1 532 628 book chapter 0-8018-8221-4 10.5281/zenodo.7316519 Martes pennanti (Erxleben 1777) [Mustela] pennanti Erxleben 1777 , Systema Regni Animalis, Vol. 1: 470 . Type Locality: "in America boreali, vulgaris victitans quadrupedibus minoribus." Listed by Miller and Rehm (1901) as "Eastern Canada ." . Vernacular Names: Fisher . Subspecies: : Subspecies Martes pennanti subsp. pennanti Erxleben 1777 Subspecies Martes pennanti subsp. columbiana Goldman 1935 Subspecies Martes pennanti subsp. pacifica Rhoads 1898 Distribution: Canada ( Yukon to E Quebec ), USA (Sierra Nevadas, N Rocky Mtns; Minnesota , N Wisconsin , Michigan upper peninsula, New York , Maine ). Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc). Discussion: Reviewed by Powell (1981) ; Goldman (1935) recognized three subspecies; Hagmeier (1961) concluded that subspecies could not be recognized. Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Powell (1981) . Stone and Cook (2002) placed it in the subgenus Pekania Gray, 1865 , and suggested that pennanti and Gulo gulo may form a monophyletic group, which would make Martes paraphyletic.