<document id="04446BF9A71E28DC581D5FDE90B32B83" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka &amp; Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FF98FF9CFF57FC42FE56FF0F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Brisaster capensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8CD389FD3BD04A4833DC0AACFE427E00">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F97AD2C6819734F4CA3F27453610B599">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FF98FF9CFF57FC42FE56FF0F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022931" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650378" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022931" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF98FF9CFF57FC42FE56FF0F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FF98FF9CFF57FC42FE56FF0F" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF98FFE3FF57FC42FDEFFC1C" blockId="63.[151,550,981,1041]" box="[151,550,981,1007]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<heading id="D0A0818AFF98FFE3FF57FC42FDEFFC1C" bold="true" box="[151,550,981,1007]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF98FFE3FF57FC42FDEFFC1C" ID-CoL="6935C" authority="(Studer, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[151,550,981,1007]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Brisaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF98FFE3FF57FC42FDEFFC1C" bold="true" box="[151,550,981,1007]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF98FFE3FF57FC42FEB8FC1C" bold="true" box="[151,369,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Brisaster capensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF98FFE3FE41FC42FDD7FC1C" author="Studer" box="[385,542,981,1007]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Studer, T. (1880) Ubersicht uber die wahrend der Reise SMS &quot; Gazelle &quot; um die Erde. 1874 - 76 gesammelten Echinoiden. Monatsbericht der Koniglich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1880, 861 - 885." type="journal article" year="1880">Studer, 1880</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF98FFE3FF57FC6FFEE2FBE2" blockId="63.[151,550,981,1041]" box="[151,299,1016,1041]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF98FFE3FF57FC6FFF2FFBE2" box="[151,230,1016,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1815,1837]" captionTargetBox="[370,1246,1256,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[340,1247,1255,1794]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 74. Brisaster capensis (SAMC-A 22295). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen. D. Side view of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843477/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
A–D.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF98FFE3FF57FBD7FDE4FB41" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF98FFE3FF57FBD7FCD3FBA5" blockId="63.[151,1437,1088,1202]" box="[151,794,1088,1110]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF98FFE3FF57FBD7FCD3FBA5" box="[151,794,1088,1110]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF98FFE3FF57FBD7FDF4FBA5" ID-CoL="79VHG" authority=": A. Agassiz, 1881: 201" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="201" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,573,1088,1110]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF98FFE3FF57FBD7FE87FBA5" box="[151,334,1088,1110]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Schizaster fragilis</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF98FFE3FE9CFBD6FDF4FBA5" author="Agassiz" box="[348,573,1088,1110]" page="201" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF98FFE3FE9CFBD6FDC4FBA5" author="Agassiz" box="[348,525,1088,1110]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. In: Report of the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76: a summary of the scientific results, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321." type="journal article" year="1881">A. Agassiz, 1881</bibRefCitation>
: 201
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–202; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF98FFE3FDBDFBD7FCD3FBA5" author="Bell" box="[637,794,1088,1110]" page="175" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF98FFE3FDBDFBD7FD23FBA5" author="Bell" box="[637,746,1088,1110]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Bell, F. J. (1904) The Echinodermata found off the coast of South Africa. I. Echinoidea. Marine Investigations in South Africa, 3, 167 - 175." type="journal article" year="1904">Bell, 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 175
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF98FFE3FF57FBF7FDE4FB41" blockId="63.[151,1437,1088,1202]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF98FFE3FF57FBF7FDE4FB41" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF98FFE3FF57FBF7FDC8FB86" ID-CoL="5X2TB" authority=": H. L. Clark, 1923" authorityName="H.L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,513,1119,1141]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Brisaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF98FFE3FF57FBF7FE8AFB86" box="[151,323,1119,1141]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Brisaster fragilis</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF98FFE3FE90FBF7FDC8FB86" author="Clark" box="[336,513,1119,1141]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
*: 399–400. Pl. XIII; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF98FFE3FD16FBF7FC65FB86" author="Clark" box="[726,940,1119,1141]" page="12" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF98FFE3FD16FBF7FC4FFB86" author="Clark" box="[726,902,1119,1141]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Clark, H. L. (1924) Echinoderms from the South African Fisheries and Marine Biology Survey. Part I. Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea). Report, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 4 (1), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1924">H.L. Clark, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 12
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF98FFE3FC76FBF7FB6BFB86" author="Clark" box="[950,1186,1119,1141]" page="206" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" year="1925">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF98FFE3FC76FBF7FBBBFB86" author="Clark" box="[950,1138,1119,1141]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
: 206
</treatmentCitation>
–207. 
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF98FFE3FF57FBE8FD8DFB60" ID-CoL="6935C" authority=": Doderlein, 1910: 248" authorityName=": Doderlein" authorityPageNumber="248" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,580,1149,1172]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Brisaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF98FFE3FF57FBE8FE9DFB67" box="[151,340,1151,1172]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Brisaster capensis</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF98FFE3FEA4FBEAFD8DFB60" author="Doderlein" box="[356,580,1149,1171]" page="248" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF98FFE3FEA4FBEAFDC7FB60" author="Doderlein" box="[356,526,1149,1171]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Doderlein, L. (1910) Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt 1903 - 1905 (Jenaer Denkschrift 16), 4 (1), pp. 246 - 258." type="journal article" year="1910">Döderlein, 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 248
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF98FFE3FD91FBE9FCFCFB60" author="Mortensen" box="[593,821,1149,1171]" page="286" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF98FFE3FD91FBE9FCCBFB60" author="Mortensen" box="[593,770,1149,1171]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. V. 2. Spatangoida. II. Amphisternata. III. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosnizidae, Schizateridae, Brissidae. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951">Mortensen, 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 286
</treatmentCitation>
–288. Pl XXV, 
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF98FFE3FC17FBEAFB88FB60" box="[983,1089,1149,1171]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStart-3="FIGURE 7" captionStart-4="FIGURE 8" captionStart-5="FIGURE 9" captionStart-6="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionStartId-4="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionStartId-5="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionStartId-6="15.[151,250,846,868]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-1="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-2="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetBox-3="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetBox-4="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetBox-5="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetBox-6="[368,1245,198,821]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetId-3="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetId-4="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-5="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetId-6="figure@15.[340,1247,195,824]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionTargetPageId-4="13" captionTargetPageId-5="14" captionTargetPageId-6="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-4="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." captionText-5="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." captionText-6="FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843347/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs 4–10</figureCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF98FFE3FB8EFBEAFF39FB41" author="Clark" page="248" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF98FFE3FB8EFBEAFA51FB60" author="Clark" box="[1102,1432,1149,1171]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Clark, A. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark &amp; Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 248
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF98FFE3FF3AFB0BFE72FB41" author="Schultz" box="[250,443,1180,1202]" page="791" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF98FFE3FF3AFB0BFE43FB41" author="Schultz" box="[250,394,1180,1202]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 791
</treatmentCitation>
, Fig. 1367.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF28666EFF98FFE3FF57F880FCAEF8BF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843477/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[370,1246,1256,1792]" targetPageId="63">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF98FFE3FF57F880FCAEF8BF" blockId="63.[151,1435,1815,1868]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF98FFE3FF57F880FEE8F8DE" bold="true" box="[151,289,1815,1837]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 74.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF98FFE3FEE9F88FFE2CF8DE" authorityName=": Doderlein" authorityYear="1910" box="[297,485,1816,1837]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Brisaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF98FFE3FEE9F88FFE2CF8DE" box="[297,485,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Brisaster capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAMC-A22295). 
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF98FFE3FD6EF880FD09F8DE" bold="true" box="[686,704,1815,1837]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">A</emphasis>
. Map showing distribution. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF98FFE3FC26F880FC3EF8DE" bold="true" box="[998,1015,1815,1837]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">B</emphasis>
. Aboral view of preserved specimen. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF98FFE3FA43F880FA5CF8DE" bold="true" box="[1411,1429,1815,1837]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
. Oral view of preserved specimen. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF98FFE3FE32F8A1FDCDF8BF" bold="true" box="[498,516,1846,1868]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">D</emphasis>
. Side view of preserved specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF98FF9CFF57F8E4FD3EFF40" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF98FFE3FF57F8E4FCEDF82B" blockId="63.[151,1435,1907,2008]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF98FFE3FF57F8E4FE49F87F" bold="true" box="[151,384,1907,1932]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Material examined.</emphasis>
MBC-A077984; MBC-A077985; A 22295; MBC-A077983; A22333; MBC-A077986. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF98FFE3FF07F80CFEB9F847" bold="true" box="[199,368,1947,1972]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Identification.</emphasis>
Test low, heart-shaped, truncated posteriorly, with distinctive anterior groove; genital pores three. Marginal and peripetalous fascioles well developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF07FF0CFD3EFF40" blockId="64.[151,1436,155,252]" box="[199,759,155,180]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF07FF0CFE1BFF47" bold="true" box="[199,466,155,180]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
Maximum length 
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFE7FF9CFF07FF28FE56FF0F" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF07FF28FE56FF0F" blockId="64.[151,1436,155,252]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF07FF28FE7CFF2B" bold="true" box="[199,437,191,216]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Global distribution.</emphasis>
Endemic to West coast of South Africa, at 
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FFE7FF9CFC66FF57FBEEFF24" box="[934,1063,192,216]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="261.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="122.0">122–400 m</quantity>
depth (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFE7FF9CFBBFFF28FAFBFF2B" author="Doderlein" box="[1151,1330,191,216]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Doderlein, L. (1910) Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt 1903 - 1905 (Jenaer Denkschrift 16), 4 (1), pp. 246 - 258." type="journal article" year="1910">Döderlein 1910</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFE7FF9CFAFFFF28FE5BFF0F" author="Clark" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Clark, A. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark &amp; Courtman-Stock 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>