Resurrection and Re-description of (Cuvier), Silver Pomfret from the Northern Indian Ocean. Author Radhakrishnan, Divya P Author Kumar, Rahul G Author Mohitha, Chelat Author Shanis C P, Rajool Author Kinattumkara, Bineesh K Author Saidumohammad, Basheer V Author Gopalakrishnan, Achamveetil text Zoological studies 2019 2019-05-22 58 7 1 10 http://dx.doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2019.58-07 journal article 53761 10.6620/ZS.2019.58-07 ca1c8c9a-63a4-4149-b1bc-faac830c9843 8064490 Redescription of Pampus candidus Pampus candidus (Cuvier, in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1833 ) New Combination Stromateus securifer (Cuvier, in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1833 ) Stromateus cinereus ( Day 1876 ) [in part] Pampus argenteus ( Haedrich 1967 ) [in part] Pampus argenteus ( Talwar and Kacker 1984 ) [in part] Pampus argenteus ( Mishra and Srinivasan 1999 ) Pampus argenteus ( Bijukumar and Sushama 2000 ) Table 2. Comparison of morphometric characters of P. candidus ( n = 28), lectotype of Stromateus candidus (MNHN 5712), Pampus candidus (NHM 1889.2.1.3308), Pampus argenteus (NHM1891.1.31.8) and additional data on P. argenteus , P. cinereus and P. liuorum from the literature* ( Liu et al. 2013a b )

Characters	Pampus candidus Pampus candidus Pampus candidus			Pampus argenteus *
(This study) n = 28	(MNHN 5712) (NHM 1889.2.1.3308)
Dorsal fin rays	vii–ix; 40–42	ix; 40	ix; 40	ix–xi; 44–48
Anal fin rays	v–vii; 36–41	vi; 37	vii; 36	vi–vii, 43–47
Pectoral fin rays	22–24	-	-	22–24
Caudal fin rays	22–24	24	24	20–22
Gill rakers	1–2+6–8	-	-	3–4+13–15
(8–10)	(16–19)
Total vertebrae	37	37	37	40
Measurements
Length of specimens	78.4–132.9	155	165	70.5–181.5
As percentage of standard length
Maximum body depth	63–76	70.0	76	53.5–61.4
Length of the dorsal, anal, caudal and pectoral
fins were the length of the longest rays
Dorsal fin length	26–40	31.3
Anal fin length	30–55	53.5	47	28.8–28.4
Pectoral fin length	39–51	45.8	42	30.5–35.0
Caudal fin length	39–76	-	-	-
Predorsal distance	51–58.4	51.3	53.7	44.4–50.8
Preanal distance	49.2–61.2	55.5	53.6	46.3–52
Length of the dorsal fin base	47.37–56	51.6	46	53.7–57.7
Length of the anal base	47–57.5	46	46	48.7–56.2
Caudal peduncle length	8.87–14.6	9.7	10.9	8.2–10.5
Caudal peduncle depth	9.1–12.6	12.3	9.8	7.7–9.6
Head length	25.3–31.2	27.1	25	14.4–20.6
Snout length	23–31.7	23	27	16.7–22
Inter–orbital width	40.5–47.3	46	47	35.4–46.3
Eye diameter	23–31	28.6	26	24.6–27.1
Length of upper jaw	26.5–32.4	32.1	30	17.7–25.9
Color	Bluish silvery or white -		-	Silvery with bluish cast on the
back and fading to silvery white
on ventral sides

© 2019 Academia Sinica, Taiwan S p e c i m e n s E x a m i n e d : Lectotype (present designation) - MNHN-IC-A- 5712, 155 mm SL, “Malabar, India ” ( Modern day Kerala , on the south western coast of India) ( Fig. 3 ). Paralectotypes- MNHN- IC-A-5713, 2 specimens , same locality as lectotype Others -: CMFRI-GB-31.145.1.5, 123.1 mm SL, Cochin , Kerala . NBFGR-CH-1164-1171, 8 specimens 84.3 mm – 132.9 mm SL, Cochin , Kerala . NBFGR- CH-1159-1163, NBFGR-CH-1181-1185,10 specimens 83 mm – 98.3 mm SL, Karaikal , Tamil Nadu . NBFGR- CH-1172-1180, 9 specimens 78.4 mm – 89.9 mm SL, Veraval, Gujarat . Fig. 2. Neighbor joining tree depicting genetic difference among Pampus candidus from India and Pampus argenteus from China sea. Table 2. (Continued)

Characters	Pampus argenteus	Pampus cinereus *	Pampus liuorum *
(NHM18 91.1.31.8)
Dorsal fin rays	xi; 48	viii–x; 37–41	vii–ix; 37–41
Anal fin rays	vii, 47	v–vii; 36–41	iv–vi; 36–40
Pectoral fin rays	22	20–22	22–24
Caudal fin rays	21	22–24	24–26
Gill rakers	1–2+6–8	2–3+6–9
(7–10)	(8–12)
Total vertebrae	40	36	38
Measurements
Length of specimens	210	117.5–158.5	129.5–230
As percentage of standard length
Maximum body depth	63	61.3–68.1	61.3–65.9
Length of the dorsal, anal, caudal and pectoral fins
were the length of the longest rays
Dorsal fin length	-	33.5–43.8	2936–41.7
Anal fin length	-	48.4–59.9	48.7–66.7
Pectoral fin length	38	42.0–47.2	31.5–41.5
Caudal fin length	46.6	43.3–49.8	40.2–45.3
Predorsal distance	44.4	51.3–59.7	49.5–55.7
Preanal distance	53	46.2–55.8	50.5–55.5
Length of the dorsal fin base	53	49.8–53.6	48.3–53.5
Length of the anal base	51.1	48.4–55.9	49.1–56.0
Caudal peduncle length	8	9.4–10.1	9.1–12.0
Caudal peduncle depth	8	10.6–11.6	10.2–11.99
Head length	20.8	24.2–27.7	22–25.3
Snout length	18	20.6–23.2	22.4–27.5
Inter-orbital width	47	42.1–47	45.0–49.8
Eye diameter	25	27.7–30.7	19.4–25.0
Length of upper jaw	26	27.6–29.3	21.3–29.5
Color	-	Silvery grey	Head dark grey, golden bronze or yellowish
blue on back, fading to silver grey on
ventral sides

© 2019 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Diagnosis : Pampus candidus ( Fig. 4 ) can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: colour bluish silvery or white; greater body depth (> 63%) in comparison with standard length; 37 total vertebrae, including 16 precaudal and 21 caudal vertebrae; gill rakers 8–10, minute and tubercular. Dorsal fin rays VII-IX, 40–42, anal fin rays V–VII, 36–41, anterior rays of dorsal and anal fins produced into falcate lobes, preceded by small blade-like spines embedded in skin and not obvious in large specimens; pectoral fins 39–51% of SL; caudal fin forked, the lower lobe usually not longer than the upper one in adults, while it is greatly extended in sub-adults. Description : Body compressed and rhombic, covered with small, deciduous, orbicular scales. Head compressed; dorsal profile strongly keeled, being more prominent behind the eye; snout obtuse. Eye small, greater than snout length. Mouth small, oblique, reaching to middle of eye; upper jaw covered with skin, not moveable. Branchiostegal membrane fused with isthmus. Gill membranes joined to belly; gill slit long, its lower margin below the level of pectoral-fin base; total gill rakers on first gill arch number 7–10 and appear minute and tubercular ( Fig. 5 ). Dorsal fin rays VII–IX 40–42, preceded by 7–9 short, blade-like spines with pointed ends which are visible externally in juveniles and embedded in the skin in adults; anal fin rays V–VII36–41, preceeded by 5-6 short, blade-like spines with pointed ends which are visible externally in juveniles and embedded in the skin in adults; both median fins lobe-like anteriorly, originating behind pectoral-fin base; a vertical drawn from the first externally visible ray in the anal fin passes through the fourth or fifth dorsal fin ray. Anterior rays of anal fin usually extended. Caudal fin long, deeply forked, lower lobe usually extended in sub adults, but progressively shorten with age and specimens over 100 mm SL have both lobes of almost equal length. Pectoral fins long, with 22–24 rays. Pelvic fins absent. Head and nape with a well-developed network of longitudinal sensory canals, the posterior end of which intersects a vertical drawn through the pectoral fin origin. Lateral line high, extending from the upper edge of opercle, along the line of the back, to caudal peduncle. Total vertebrae 37 ( Fig. 6 ), with the formula T 37 = (a1 = 2) A = 15 (i = 1) + C = 22, where T is total number of vertebrae; A is the number of abdominal vertebrae; a1 is the number of predorsal vertebrae; I is the number of intermediate vertebrae; and C is the number of caudal vertebrae, including the last complex of preural-uralcentra ( Jawad and Jig 2016 ). Fig. 3. Image of Stomateus candidus MNHN-IC-A-5712. Fig. 4. Image of Pampus candidus . Table 3. Pairwise K2P distance among Pampus species in India and South China Sea based on Cyt b and 16S rRNA genes. Stomateus stellatus forms the outgroup (Pairwise distance estimated using Cyt b gene is represented below the diagonal and 16S rRNA gene above diagonal)

PC 1	PC 2	PC 3	PC 4	PC 5	PC 6	PC 7	PC	PA	SS
Pampus _ candidus _1 (PC 1) (NBFGR-CH-1170)	0	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.008	0.072	0.072
Pampus _ candidus _2 (PC 2) (NBFGR-CH-1171)	0.000	0	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.006	0.07	0.072
Pampus _ candidus _3 (PC 3) (NBFGR-CH-1167)	0.000	0.000	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.008	0.072	0.072
Pampus _ candidus _4 (PC 4) (NBFGR-CH-1168)	0.001	0.001	0.001	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.008	0.072	0.072
Pampus _ candidus _5 (PC 5) (NBFGR-CH-1178)	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.003	0	0.00	0.00	0.008	0.072	0.072
Pampus _ candidus _6 (PC 6) (NBFGR-CH-1179)	0.004	0.004	0.004	0.005	0.003	0	0.00	0.008	0.072	0.072
Pampus _ candidus _7 (PC 7) (NBFGR-CH-1180)	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.004	0.001	0.004	0	0.008	0.072	0.072
Pampus _ cinereus (PC)	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.121	0.121	0.123	0.123	0	0.068	0.070
Pampus _ argenteus (PA)	0.166	0.166	0.166	0.168	0.168	0.167	0.170	0.177	0	0.070
Stromateus _ stellatus (SS)	0.254	0.254	0.254	0.256	0.256	0.254	0.256	0.252	0.263	0.103

© 2019 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Color in formalin : Dorsal surfaces of head and lateral sides of body brownish, fading to pale creamy or yellow and brownish on ventral sides. Snout marked with fine chromatophores. All fins brownish with dark outer margins. Color in life : Dorsal sides of body and head dark, lateral surfaces of body bluish silver or white. Dorsal, anal and caudal fins with dark outer margins; pectoral fins hyaline. Etymology : The specific epithet, from the Latin for “bright white”, apparently refers to the typical colour of the fish.