Revision of Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) in the Middle East, with description of 19 new species Author Motamedinia, Behnam Author Skevington, Jeffrey H. 0000-0002-1445-9870 jhskevington@gmail.com Author Kelso, Scott 0000-0001-5559-9477 scott.kelso@canada.ca text Zootaxa 2021 2021-07-16 5002 1 1 103 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5002.1.1 1175-5326 5122655 5DC2A66A-3F04-42D0-8A8C-F0686054E556 Tomosvaryella transvaalensis De Meyer, 1993 Figs 42A‒E , 64 Diagnosis: This species can be recognized by the shape of surstyli in dorsal view, constricted in middle, knobshaped apically ( Fig. 42A ); epandrium wider than long in dorsal view ( Fig. 42A ); phallus with three ejaculatory ducts, one longer, coiled, bearing small setae in lateral view ( Fig. 42D‒E ); gonopods equal in height ( Fig. 42B ), hypandrium ovate-shaped with distinct hypandrial apodeme in ventral view ( Fig. 42B ). Specimens examined: ISRAEL : Nahal Lavan , 30°51’N , 34°36’E , 30.iv.1996 , I. Yarom , JSS51786 ( 1♂ , TAU ); Sede Halamish, 31°00’N , 35°07’E , 30.iv.1996 , A. Freidberg , JSS52093 ( 1♂ , CNC ) . Distribution: Israel , South Africa ( Fig. 64 ). Note: This sort of disjunct distribution raises some questions. Could this be a crypic pair of species? Is the gap caused by collecting bias? These questions can only be answered by more field work to try to fill gaps, and molecular work to test existing species concepts. We attempted to sequence these specimens but failed. More work is needed.