Morphological and anatomical investigation of New Caledonian graminoid Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) with the description of two new species Author Pignal, Marc 1 MNHN Paris, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7205 MNHN / CNRS Origine Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversité, 16 Rue Buffon, C. P. 39, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. marc.pignal@mnhn.fr Author Munzinger, Jérôme AMAP, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France. Email: jerome.munzinger@ird.fr text European Journal of Taxonomy 2020 2020-04-23 633 1 26 journal article 22823 10.5852/ejt.2020.633 1bef571c-e1cb-4103-be88-1bd0c16e6692 2118-9773 3765344 Dendrobium unicarinatum Kores Figs 1B , I–J, P, 2 , 3 H–I, 4 A, 5 H Allertonia 5: 97 ( Kores 1989 ) . – Dendrobium crassiformatum Hallé ined. in herb. – Type : FIJI • Viti Levu , Mba Province , vicinity of Nandarivatu ; 17 Nov. 1927 ; Gillespie 3841 ; holotype : AMES [ AMES00243052 ] . Etymology The epithet refers to the carina of the lip. Material examined NEW CALEDONIA – Province Nord • Mont Mandjelia , Pouébo ; 20°23′51″ S , 164°31′57″ E ; 21 Feb. 2016 ; fr.; C. Laudereau 97 ; NOU[ NOU090363 ] • Cultivated in Nouméa ; C. Laudereau 172 ; (original material data: Roches de la Ouaième ; 20°38′22″ S , 164°51′47″ E , 6 Dec. 2016 ); NOU [ NOU090377 ] • Roches de la Ouaième, Hienghène ; 20°38′22″ S , 164°51′47″ E ; 22 Oct. 2018 ; fr.; C. Laudereau 1075 ; NOU [ NOU090364 ] • Ouane Batch , Pouébo ; 20°30′35″ S , 164°43′56″ E ; 23 Dec. 2018 ; C. Laudereau 1112 ; NOU [ NOU090365 ] • Mont Mandjelia Pouébo ; 20°23′51″ S , 164°31′57″ E ; 24 Dec. 2018 ; fr.; C. Laudereau 1156 ; NOU [ NOU090366 ] • Grande-Terre, Pouébo : Mont Mandjélia ; [ 20°24′2″ S , 164°31′42″ E ]; alt. 750 m ; 7 Jun. 1979 ; H.S. MacKee & Bégaud 36986 ; P[ P00118407 ] • Pouébo : Mont Mandjélia ; [ 20°24′2″ S , 164°31′42″ E ]; alt. 750 m ; humid forest, schists, 26 Jan. 1980 ; H.S. MacKee 37759 & Bégaud ; P[ P00118408 ] • Roches de la Ouaième , on the crest; [ 20°38′17″ S , 164°52′0″ E ]; alt. 765 m ; 4 Nov. 2011 ; fr.; J. Munzinger 6162 , V. Hequet , A. Vandrot , Ph. Birnbaum & I. Pounds ; NOU[ NOU063339 ] • Cascade La Guen ; 20°37′0″ S , 164°46′53″ E ; humid forest ; st.; 21 Nov. 2010 ; J. Munzinger 6401 , P. Lowry , M. Callmander , H. Vandrot , T. & M. Teimpouene ; NOU[ NOU063581 ] . – Province Sud • Mont Koghi ; [ 22°10′55″ S , 166°30′19″ E ]; alt. 500 m ; humid forest ; Jan. 1979 ; H.S. MacKee 43003 & Labrissière ; P[ P00118409 ] • Mont Pembai ; [ 21°34′47″ S , 165°49′59″ E ]; alt. 700 m ; humid forest, schists ; 31 May 1990 ; H.S. MacKee 44925 ; P[ P00124752 , P00124753 ] . Description Herb, epiphytic, erect. Roots whitish, ca 1–2 mm wide, at the base of the plant (axillary roots lacking). Stem erect, to 50 cm long, terete or slightly flattened, covered by the sheath of the oldest leaves, blades remaining only in the upper third of the adult stem. Internodes 25 mm long at the base of the stem. Leaves green, shiny above. Blade 49 × 3 mm . Midrib slightly prominent. Two lateral veins visible, < 1 mm from the margin (see discussion of anatomy below). Secondaries prominent, convergent at the apex. Base slightly narrower. Apex rounded or emarginate and asymmetrical. Sheath striated in the upper half and ending by a beak opposite to the lamina and applied on the stem. Inflorescence very short, 1-flowered. Ovary non-resupinate. Floral buds white, flower white to bright yellow when open, fleshy. Tepals with a red terminal dot. Dorsal sepal triangular, 4.5 mm long, 3 mm wide at the base, with 5 nerves. Lateral sepals triangular-ovate, oblique, ca 4 × 2.4 mm , with 8 nerves. Petals ovate, asymmetrical, ca 4 × 2 mm , with 3 nerves. Lip white, entire, rectangular, ca 4 × 2.8 mm , with 5–7 nerves, 3 on the carina and 2–4 lateral. Apex triangular, rounded to obtuse. Carina ca 1 mm wide. Column 1.8 mm high and 1.5 mm wide. Fruit globose, ca 6 × 9 mm . Dried seed with transparent testa of 217 × 48 μm, fusiform, with extremity and base slender. Right extremity slightly spiral. Hydrated seed ovate, sacciform. Cells cubic to polygonal, with extremities rounded, ca 48–100 × 5 μm, with edges thick, roughly spiral, with smooth cellular walls. Embryo spherical, ca 12 μm in diameter. Fig. 1. (see full caption on page 5) Fig. 2. Distribution of D. unicarinatum Kores in New Caledonia , based on herbarium specimens (●) and field observations (). Fig. 1. A–E . Fruits. A . D. butinii M.Pignal & Munzinger sp. nov. , loc. Colnett Mountain, Oua Ina or Wé Ina; image n°PA211592. B . D. unicarinatum Kores , cult. Nouméa (original data: Mandjélia Mount or Tidiélic Mount, 780 m); image n°PA118035. C–D . D. letocartiorum Munzinger & M.Pignal sp. nov. , Mandjélia Mount or Tidiélic Mount, 780 m; image n°PA182815. D . Dehiscent fruit, cult. Nouméa (original data: mt Mandjélia or Tidiélic, 780 m); image n°PC061498. E . D. camaridiorum Rchb. f., Col des Roussettes, Bouirou; 5 Apr. 2015; image n°P4057147. F–N . Flowers. F–G . D. letocartiorum Munzinger & M.Pignal sp. nov. , cult. Nouméa (original data: Mandjélia Mount or Tidiélic Mount, 780 m; 6 Dec. 2014); image n°PC061503. G . Cult. Nouméa; (original data: Mandjélia Mount or Tidiélic Mount, 780 m; 6 Dec. 2014); image n°PC061504. H . D. butinii M.Pignal & Munzinger sp. nov. , Colnett Mount, Ouanebatch We Ina, 300 m; 20 Jan. 2018; image n°P1211262. I–J . D. unicarinatum Kores. I . Cult. Nouméa ; 15 Nov. 2015; (original data: Roches de la Ouaieme, 800 m; 23 Oct. 2015); image n°PB157702. J . Teratological flower, cult. Nouméa; 30 Jul. 2015; (original data: Mandjélia Mount or Tidiélic Mount, 780 m; 25 Oct. 2014); image n°P7314192. K–L . D. crassifolium Schltr. , cult. Nouméa; 27 Nov. 2015. K . Image n°PB270172. L . Image n°PB2700199. M–N . D. camaridiorum Rchb. f., Bopope, Piémont (versant sud) du Kantalupaik, M. Pignal et al. 5165 . N . Cult. Nouméa; 13 Nov. 2014; image n°PB130988. O–Q , S–T . Habits. O . D. crassifolium Schltr. , cult. Nouméa; before 1998; digitized analogue image s.n. P . D. unicarinatum Kores, Koghis Mountains, Bouo Mount , 680 m; 31 Aug. 2003; image n°P8311086. Q . D. camaridiorum Rchb. f., Vallée de la Tchamba; 15 Sep. 2003; image n°P9151456. S . D. butinii M.Pignal & Munzinger sp. nov. , Vallée de la Amoa Vaawe; 26 Feb. 2016; image n°P2260576. T . D. letocartiorum Munzinger & M.Pignal sp. nov. , Mandjélia Mount ou Tidiélic Mount, 780 m; 24 Oct. 2018; image n°111258. R . Leaf of D. camaridiorum Rchb. f., J. Munzinger et al. 6358. A–L, N–S, T images by Christian Laudereau; M image by Jérôme Munzinger; R image by Peter P. Lowry. Fig. 3. Seeds, opening on the right. A–B . D. camaridiorum Rchb. f. A . LM. B . SEM ( H.S. MacKee 14228 ). C–D . D. butinii M.Pignal & Munzinger sp. nov. C . LM. D . SEM ( M. Pignal 2384 ). E–G . D. letocartiorum Munzinger & M.Pignal sp. nov. E . SEM. F . LM. G . SEM ( H.S. MacKee 37760 ). H–I . D. unicarinatum Kores. H . SEM ( H.S. MacKee 36986 ). I . LM ( H.S. MacKee 44925 ). Scale bars: A–F, H–I = 10 μm; G = 30 μm. Distribution and ecology Dendrobium unicarinatum grows in Fiji and in New Caledonia dense humid forest ( 500–750 m ), as an epiphyte on trunks (at the base or at several metres high) and can be very abundant, especially on palms. C. Laudereau (pers. comm.) separates two populations by habit and light exposition: the first erect and in sunny situations, the other pendulous, in shade. Taxonomic notes In New Caledonia , D. unicarinatum can be easily identified by a cylindrical or slightly flattened stem, 1-flowered inflorescence and white, non-resupinate flowers. Leaf section shows D. unicarinatum to be the only graminoid New Caledonian Dendrobium having large, obvious and numerous (> 20) supernumerary fibre bundles on both sides, and having the largest vascular bundle in position 2. Phenology Further observations are needed to determine the flowering and fruiting periods. In the available herbarium material, flowers were observed on cultivated plants (grown in New Caledonia ) in January and in the field from February to March, and fruits in May to January. IUCN status This species was not recognized in New Caledonia until now, and was evaluated as Data Deficient (DD) by the New Caledonian Red List Authority.