Morphological description of Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) veintemillaSi n. sp., a new sand fly species from the sub-Andean region of Bolivia Author Martinez, Eddy Author Leon, Renato Author Mihalca, Andrei Daniel * Author Dujardin, Jean-Pierre Author Pont, François Le text Parasites & Vectors 2022 327 2022-09-19 15 1 1 10 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05433-1 journal article 10.1186/s13071-022-05433-1 1756-3305 PMC9484205 36123736 11074761 Pintomyia ( Pifanomyia ) veintemillasi n. sp. Martinez, Leon, Mihalca, Dujardin & Le Pont ( Figs. 1 , 2 ). Type locality Marimonos station, in the Marimonos mountain range, Bolivia . Municipality of Palos Blancos ( 15°35 ′ 02 ″ S – 67°15 ′ 07 ″ W ), altitude 900 m , Sud Yungas province, Department of La Paz , Bolivia . Type-material The male holotype and the female allotype are deposited in the Bolivian Fauna Collection ( Colección Boliviana de Fauna , CBF ), La Paz , Bolivia ; 10 paratypes ( five males and five females ) are also deposited in CBF , La Paz , Bolivia ; UPAMETROP/IINSAD ( Unidad de Parasitología , Medicina Tropical y Medio Ambiente; Instituto de Investigación en Salud y Desarrollo ), La Paz , Bolivia ; MNHN ( Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle ), Paris , France . ZooBank registration To comply with the regulations set out in Article 8.5 of the amended 2012 version of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ( ICZN ) [13], details of the new species have been submitted to ZooBank. The Life Science Identifier ( LSID ) of the article is urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: E2B4956C-F39D-4075- 9CCD-455E8069FBB9 . The LSID for the new species Pintomyia ( Pifanomyia ) veintemillasi is urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act: 81EF210D-673B-435B-B92E-7F14AC1E1F88 . Etymology The species name is dedicated to Dr. Felix Veintemillas for his great contribution to the research and control of infectious and parasitic diseases in Bolivia , the main Bolivian reference on leishmaniasis in the midtwentieth century. Description Male holotype ( Fig. 1 ). Sand fly of small size, generally gray in color, mesonotum and abdominal tergites light brown, measuring 2 mm from the tip of the labrum to the end of the gonocoxite. Head ( Fig. 1a ). Length 0.298 ( 0.294 –0.324 ) including the clypeus; maximum width 0.286 ( 0.284 –0.321 ). Head length/head width ratio 1.04. Interocular distance 0.101 (0.85–0.101) equal to the diameter of 5.5 facets. Labrum-epipharynx ( LE ) length 0.192 ( 0.181 –0.214 ) from the edge of the clypeus. Antennal flagellomeres: fI 0.171 ( 0.160 –0.201 ), fII + fIII = 0.077 + 0.087. Ratio fI/ LE = 0.89 ( a = 0.91). Short ascoids, only visible on the first flagellomere. Third flagellomere without sensilla in rosette in the preapical region. Palpus: total length 0.591 ( 0.548 –0.673 ), respective lengths of the palpomeres: P1 0.030 ( 0.025 –0.039 ); P2 0.105 ( 0.102 –0.127 ); P3 0.114 ( 0.108 –0.125 ); P4 0.079 ( 0.077 –0.095 ); P5 0.263 ( 0.202 – 0.311 ); palpal formula: 1–4−(2–3)−5 or 1–4−(3–2)−5. Cibarium armed with a row of tiny, sharp, slightly sclerotized teeth of irregular size, and an anterior, discontinuous row of dot-shaped denticles. Sclerotized arch complete, well chitinized; pigmented patch, triangular, striated, extending anteriorly. Narrow pharynx, length 0.140, maximum width 0.037, with posterior denticulate scales ( Fig. 1c ). Fig. 1 Pintomyia ( Pif. ) veintemillasi n. sp. male. a Head frontal view; b antennomer fII; c cibarium and pharynx; d sternite 2; e genitalia profile; f paramere and aedeagus, in lateral view; g genital pump and genital filaments; h wing. Scales are in mm Fig. 2 Pintomyia ( Pif. ) veintemillasi n. sp. female. a head frontal view; b antennomer fII; c cibarium and pharynx; d cibarium; e laciniae of the maxillae; f sternite 2; g spermatheca; h rapid view of a complete genitalia; i wing. Scales are in mm Torax . Length 0.429. Unpigmented paratergite. Clear pleuras, except for the basal region of the katepisternum and katepimeron, slightly pigmented. Upper anepisternal bristles: 6 + 7 (from 5 to 10 per pleura) and proepimeral bristles: 2 + 4 (2–4 per pleura). Wings ( Fig. 1h ): length 1.385 ( 1.385 –1.560 ), maximum width 0.405 ( 0.376 –0.440 ). Length/width ratio 3.41. Wing indices: alpha 0.305 ( 0.289 –0.361 ), beta 0.153 ( 0.136 –0.174 ), gamma 0.202 ( 0.200 –0.244 ), delta 0.099 ( 0.079 –0.151 ); alpha / beta ratio 1.99 ( a = 2.06). Leg lengths of the femur, tibia, and basitarsus, respectively: front legs 0.505– 0.530–0.325; middle legs 0.549–0.660–0.420 and hind legs 0.580–0.815–0.490. Abdomen . Length 1.097 including the gonocoxite. Tergal papillae present from third to seventh tergite. Second sternite with 7–9 bristles on each apical region. Gonocoxite: length 0.172 ( 0.172 –0.193 ), maximum width 0.055, without perennial bristles. Gonostyle length 0.104 ( 0.100 –0.114 ) bearing four strong spines: an apical spine, an upper external spine inserted in the distal third, and the spines inferior and internal implanted in mid-segment; presence of a fine spiniform, subterminal bristle. Paramere ( Fig. 1f ): length 0.150 ( 0.145 –0.157 ), measured from the dorsal margin; rectangular base, then posteriorly finger-shaped, garnished with erect bristles, curved anteriorly. Aedeagus conical, well sclerotized, with the tip reaching the finger-shaped part of the paramere ( Fig. 1f ). Lateral lobe without perennial bristles, similar in size to that of the gonocoxite; length 0.177 ( 0.161 –0.188 ); submedian lamella, without particularities. Genital pump ( GP ) length 0.111 ( 0.100 –0.119 ; a = 0.109); genital filaments (GF) with finely striated apical third, and smooth apex, length 0.434 ( 0.427 –0.490 ; a = 0.448), duct/pump ratio GF/ GP 3.90 (3.90–4.38; a = 4.12). Female allotype ( Fig. 2 ). Sand fly identical in coloration to that of the male, measuring 2.45 mm from the tip of the labrum to the end of the cerci. Head ( Fig. 2a ). Length including clypeus 0.363 ( 0.337 –0.363 ), maximum width 0.347 ( 0.325 –0.348 ). Head length/head width ratio 1.04. Interocular distance 0.129 ( 0.108 –0.129 ), equal to the diameter of six facets. Labrum-epipharynx length 0.296 ( 0.275 –0.296 ) from edge of clypeus; maxillary laciniae ( Fig. 2e ): six external teeth and 23 internal. Antennas: length of flagellomeres, fI 0.178 ( 0.166 –0.183 ), fII + fIII = 0.083 + 0.084; ratio fI / LE = 0.60 ( a = 0.61). In fIII, absence of papilla in rosette in preapical region. Ascoids strong and short, well staggered, not reaching the apical third. Palpus: total length 0.771 ( 0.636 –0.771 ). The palp segments measuring respectively: P1 0.039 ( 0.033 –0.040 ); P2 0.149 ( 0.134 – 0.154 ); P3 0.146 ( 0.134 –0.146 ); P4 0.102 ( 0.083 –0.102 ); P5 0.335 ( 0.236 –0.335 ). Palpal formula: 1–4−(2–3)−5, segments 2 and 3 subequal; Newstead’s sensilla not visible. Cibarium with four equidistant acute horizontal teeth of equal size; a row of 9–12 vertical teeth, and several lateral, dot shaped, grouped teeth ( Fig. 2d ). Very distinct sclerotized area, thickened anteriorly, triangular, narrowed at the level of the chitinous arch; this last, rounded and continuous from one edge of the cibarium to the other, surpassing it laterally ( Fig. 2d ). Pharynx ( Fig. 2c ): with the most posterior scales, denticulate; length 0.165, maximum width 0.070. Torax ( Fig. 3b ). Length 0.574. Pigmentation identical to that of the male. Upper anepisternal bristles: 7 + 11 (7–12 per pleura) and proepimeral bristles 5 + 6 (2–6 per pleura). Wings ( Fig. 2i ): length 1.760 ( 1.649 –1.795 ), maximum width 0.525 ( 0.485 –0.545 ); Length/width ratio 3.35. Wing indices: alpha 0.434 ( 0.410 –0.491 ), beta 0.195 ( 0.187 –0.224 ), gamma 0.310 ( 0.237 –0.320 ), and delta 0.186 ( 0.175 –0.227 ), alpha/beta ratio 2.22 ( a = 2.16). Legs lengths of the femur, tibia, and basitarsus, respectively: front legs 0.660–0.630–0.375; middle legs 0.673– 0.775–0.450 and hind legs 0.725–0.990–0.545. Fig. 3 Comparative representation showing the pigmentation of the thorax profile of females (scale is in mm): a Pi. ( Pif. ) maranonensis ; b Pi. ( Pif. ) veintemillasi ; c Pi. ( Pif. ) nevesi Table 1 Male taxonomical characters between Pi. ( Pif. ) veintemillasi n. sp. and related species

Character	Pi. ( Pif. ) maranonensis Zumba (Ecuador) 900 m	Pi. ( Pif. ) veintemillasi n. sp. Marimonos (Bolivia) 900 m	Pi. ( Pif. ) nevesi Orthon River (Bolivia) 144 m
Pleura	Gray Pigmented paratergite Superior anepisternum and posterior anepimeron pigmented	Light color Clear paratergite Base of katepimeron and katepisternum pigmented	Light color Clear paratergite
Gonocoxite	Tuft, 2–4 bristles	Naked, without perennial bristles	Naked, without perennial bristles
GF	a =0.526 (0.490–0.560) (SD ±0.021)	a =0.449 (0.427–0.490) (SD ±0.020)	a =0.520 (0.495–0.543) (SD ±0.016)
GP	a =0.111 (0.104–0.118) (SD ±0.004)	a =0.109 (0.100–0.119) (SD ±0.006)	a =0.113 (0.106–0.117) (SD ±0.004)
GF/GP	a =4.74 (4.43–5.38) (SD ±0.30)	a =4.12 (4.38–3.90) (SD ±0.19)	a =4.61 (4.44–4.86) (SD ±0.14)

Measurements for 10 specimens of each population ( GF genital filaments, GP genital pump, a average, SD standard deviation) Abdomen . Length 1.225. Second sternite with 8–10 bristles on each apical half. Spermatheca, like a pearshaped sac, finely wrinkled transversely, head deeply invaginated in the spermatheca, with pluri-lobed apex ( Table 2 ), fan-shaped ( Fig. 2g ). Importantly, the head is slightly offset from the axis of the spermatheca, and therefore most often emerges laterally after mounting ( Fig. 2g ). Common duct and individual ducts not measurable, but a long common duct presence.