Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea) Author Olmi, Massimo Author Copeland, Robert S. Author Noort, Simon Van text Zootaxa 2019 2019-07-10 4630 1 1 619 journal article 26202 10.11646/zootaxa.4630.1.1 db6a16a6-0fe8-4987-8ad5-42223825fcd7 1175-5326 3336635 8D375836-CCBA-473C-836F-6ABD44B4F881 2. Echthrodelphax tauricus Ponomarenko, 1970 ( Figs 162D , 165A, C, D , 166C, D ) Echthrodelphax tauricus Ponomarenko 1970: 432 ; Olmi 2005b: 124 ; 2006: 44; Guglielmino & Olmi 2006: 37 , 44; Olmi 2008a: 370 ; Azevedo et al . 2010: 894 ; Penati & Olmi 2011: 76; Olmi 2014: 336; Olmi et al . 2015: 364; 2016: 78. Pterogonatopus hortusensis Abdul-Nour 1976: 276 (synonymized by Olmi 2004c , 2005b ; type locality: Hortus (Hérault, France ). Echthrodelphax hortusensis (Abdul-Nour) : Olmi 1984: 1147 ; Tussac 1988: 351 ; Olmi 1995g : 5 ; Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 178–183 ; Olmi 1998a: 57 ; Tussac & Olmi 1998: 488 ; Olmi 1999: 221 ; Olmi & van Harten 2000: 263 ; Olmi & de Rond 2001: 116 ; Olmi 2005b: 124 ; Olmi & van Harten 2006: 328 . Echthrodelphax afer Olmi 1984: 1155 (synonymized by Olmi & van Harten 2000 ); type locality: Harare ( Zimbabwe ); Olmi 1987a: 436 ; 1990b: 405 ; 1994a: 69 ; Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 220 , 221; Olmi 1998c: 62 . Echthrodelphax migratorius Benoit : Olmi 1989b: 162 ( ♂ ); Olmi & van Harten 2000: 263 ; 2006: 329. Description. ♀ ( Figs 162D , 165A ). Fully winged; body length 1.9–3.1 mm . Head testaceous, occasionally except brown spot on vertex; antenna testaceous; propleuron, pronotum and mesoscutum testaceous, occasionally brownreddish; rest of mesosoma black, except distal extremity of propodeal declivity testaceous; occasionally sides of mesoscutellum and metanotum brown; occasionally metapectal-propodeal disc with brown spot; in specimen from South Africa , 25°48’S 27°34’E , mesosoma testaceous-reddish, except axillae, metapectal-propodeal disc and propodeal declivity brown; in two specimens from South Africa , 34°15’S 18°21.5’E , mesoscutum testaceous, except posterior half black; petiole black; metasoma yellow, except tergite 1 partly black and with some brown transverse bands; legs testaceous. Specimen from Mozambique , Mituque ( 12.IV–6.V.2008 ), completely testaceous, except petiole black and axillae darkened. Antenna clavate. Head shiny, unsculptured; occasionally occiput and part of vertex granulate; occipital carina absent; ocellar triangle strongly isosceles, with median keel; frontal line present; POL = 1; OL = 4; OOL = 7. Palpal formula 5/2. Pronotum crossed by strong transverse impression, with disc dull and granulate; collar and lateral regions of pronotum smooth, shiny and unsculptured; posterior edges of pronotum rounded, not produced into lobes. Mesoscutum shiny, smooth, unsculptured or slightly punctate. Notauli complete, joint at posterior margin of mesoscutum. Occasionally notauli incomplete, reaching about 0.7 × length of mesoscutum. In testaceous specimen from Mozambique , Mituque ( 12.IV–6.V.2008 ), notauli absent. Mesoscutellum shiny, unsculptured or slightly puntate. Metanotum very reduced and short. Metapectal-propodeal disc and propodeal declivity reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels. Forewing with 1–2 more or less large dark transverse bands; occasionally dark transverse bands little distinct and hardly visible. Protrochanter approximately 4 × as long as broad. Enlarged claw ( Fig. 166D ) with one large subapical tooth and one row of 4–5 lamellae. Protarsomere 5 ( Fig. 166D ) with one row of 7–11 lamellae; apex with 6–11 lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/0/1. FIGURE 165. Habitus of Echthrodelphax species. A: E. tauricus Ponomarenko , ♀ from Italy, Sciolze, in dorsal view (from Olmi 1998a ). B: E. migratorius Benoit , ♀ from Yemen, Qa Al Boun, in dorsal view. C, D: E. tauricus Ponomarenko : ♂ from Italy, Sciolze, in dorsal (C) and lateral (D) view. Scale bar: A: 1.80 mm; B: 1.61 mm; C: 1.00 mm; D: 0.63 mm. Description. ♂ ( Figs 165C, D ). Fully winged; body length 1.2–1.9 mm . Head black, except mandible testa- ceous; clypeus black, occasionally testaceous; antenna brown, occasionally except scape and pedicel testaceous; mesosoma black; metasoma brown or brown-reddish; legs testaceous. Antenna filiform, with antennomere 3 four or more than 4 × as long as broad; antennomeres in following proportions: 4:5:8:8:8:7.5:7.5:7.5:7:10. Head shiny, unsculptured or granulate; frontal line absent; occipital carina very thin and complete; temple very prominent; POL = 4.5; OL = 2; OOL = 4; OPL = 1; TL = 5.5. Palpal formula 4/2 or 5/2. Mesoscutum shiny, slightly granulate. Notauli complete, posteriorly joint or separated. Specimen from Yemen (Lahj, III.2001 , N. 5578) with incomplete notauli reaching approximately 0.7 × length of mesoscutum (erroneously tentatively attributed to E. migratorius by Olmi 1989b , Olmi & van Harten 2000 , 2006). Mesoscutellum and metanotum shiny, unsculptured. Metapectalpropodeal disc dull, completely reticulate rugose, without transverse posterior keel; propodeal declivity reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of 2r-rs&Rs vein longer than proximal part (13:6). Paramere ( Fig. 166C ) with dorsal process short and lobe-shaped, without mosaic pattern. Tibial spurs 1/1/2. Material examined . Types : ♀ holotype of E. tauricus : UKRAINE : Crimea , Sevastopol , 20–23.IX.1968 , N.G. Ponomarenko leg. ( ZMM ) ; ♀ holotype of P. hortusensis : FRANCE : Hérault , Hortus , H. Abdul-Nour leg. ( MNHN ) ; ♀ holotype of E. afer : ZIMBABWE : Harare (= Salisbury ), A. Watsham leg. ( NHMUK ) . Paratypes of P. hortusensis : same locality label as holotype , 1♀ ( MNHN ); Héralt , Montarnaud , H. Abdul-Nour leg. , 1♀ ( MNHN ); paratypes of E. afer : DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO : Haut-Uele (= Haut-Zaire ), Garamba National Park , 3♀♀ ( 1 in AMNH , 2 in MRAC ); SOMALIA : Benadir , Afgoi , M. Olmi leg. , 2♀♀ ( AMNH ); SOUTH AFRICA : East- ern Cape , Katberg , 4000 ft. , XII.1932 , R.E. Turner leg. , 2♀♀ ( AMNH , NHMUK ); Eastern Cape , Port St. Johns , 1–11.VI.1923 , R.E. Turner leg. , 1♀ ( NHMUK ). Other material : BOTSWANA : Serowe , Farmer’s Brigade , 1♀ ( USNM ); Kgatleng District , Odi , 17 km NE of Gaborone , 1♀ ( ZIL ). CAMEROON : South , near Ebolowa , Nko- emvon, 21.I–6.II.1980 , cocoa plantation, D. Jackson leg. , 1♀ ( NHMUK ). CAPE VERDE ISLANDS: Santiago Is- land, São Jorge dos Orgãos, A. Van Harten leg. , 1♀ ( AMNH ). CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC : Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture , Dzanga-Ndoki National Park , Mabéa Bai , 21.4 km 53° NE Bayanga , 3°02.01’N 16°24.57’E , 510 m , 7.V.2001 , sweep, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, S. van Noort leg. , 19♂♂ ( 18 in SAMC , 1 in MOLC ). IVORY COAST : Bouaké , 1♀ ( CNC ); 3 km S of Katiola , 1♀ ( DEUW ). KENYA : Coast Prov. , Kasigau Mtn. , 3.82667°S 38.64982°E , 1117 m , 16–30.VI.2011 , indigenous forest, MT, next to spring in forest, R. Copeland leg. , 1♀ ( NMK ) ( new for Kenya ). MADAGASCAR : Toliara , Mite Forest , 20.7 km 29° WNW Tongobory , 23°31.27’S 44°07.17’E , 75 m , 27.II–3.III.2002 , MT, in gallery forest, Fisher , Griswold et al . leg., BLF 5849 , 1♂ ( CAS ); Toliara , Andohahela National Park , Tsimelahy , parcelle II, 24°56.21’S 46°37.60’E , 180 m , 26.I–5.II.2003 , MT, transitional forest, M. Irwin , F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala leg. , MA- 02-20-14 , 1♀ ( CAS ); Toliara , Lake Ranobe , 23°02.22’S 43°36.37’E , 30 m , 25–28.IV.2003 , MT, spiny forest thicket, MGF063, Frontier Wilderness Project , 1♀ , 1♂ ( CAS ); same locality label, 25–29.I.2003 , MGF053 , 2♂♂ ( CAS ); Toliara , Lake Ranobe , 23°02.26’S 43°36.35’E , 30 m , 25–30.IV.2003 , MT, spiny forest thicket, MGF065, Frontier Wilderness Project , 1♂ ( CAS ). MOZAMBIQUE : Maputo Prov. , Ma- puto, M. Olmi leg. , 1♀ ( AMNH ); Maputo Prov. , 26 km S of Maputo along Maputo-Namaacha Road , Umbelúzi , M. Olmi leg. , 1♀ ( AMNH ); Maputo Prov. , 3 km N of Umbelúzi along Maputo-Namaacha Road , M. Olmi leg. , 1♀ ( AMNH ); Maputo Prov. , Ponta de Ouro , M. Olmi leg. , 1♀ ( AMNH ); Maputo Prov. , 6 km N of Palmeira along Maputo-Xai Xai road, M. Olmi leg. , 1♀ ( AMNH ); Maputo Prov. , Manhiça District , Manhiça , Vasco’s Farm , 1– 8.IX.1996 , MT, M. Olmi leg. , 1♀ ( MOLC ); same locality label, 24.X–6.XII.1996 , 2♀♀ ( MOLC ); same local- ity label, 9.IX–24.X.1995 , 4♀♀ ( MOLC ); same locality label, 1–8.IX.1996 , 1♂ ( MOLC ); Niassa Prov. , Cuamba , Mituque , 22.VII–5.VIII.2008 , MT, M. Olmi leg. , 1♀ ( MOLC ); same locality label, 12.IV–6.V.2008 , 1♀ ( MOLC ); same locality label, 12.IV–6.V.2008 , MT, M. Olmi leg. , 2♂♂ ( MOLC ). NIGERIA : Oyo State , Ibadan , IITA, B.R. Critchley leg. , 1♀ ( NHMUK ). OMAN : Salalah , South Dahariz , 1♀ ( PMA ); 24 km E of Salalah , 23.II.1986 , 1♀ ( CNC ). SOUTH AFRICA : Eastern Cape , Katberg , 4000 ft. , XII.1932 , R.E. Turner leg. , 1♀ ( AMNH ); Eastern Cape , 8 km N of Fort Beaufort , Blinkwater , 32°43’S 26°35’E , 1♀ ( ZIL ); Eastern Cape , Somerset East , IX.1930 , R. E. Turner leg. , 1♂ ( NHMUK ); Eastern Cape , Port St. Johns , 25-31.III.1923 , 5–30.IV.1923 , 1–14.V.1923 , 1–11.VI.1923 , R. E. Turner leg. , 8♂♂ ( NHMUK ); KwaZulu-Natal : Louwsberg , Sanyati Farm , 27°34’S 31°17.9’E , 1090 m , 1– 24.III.2006 , MT, M. Mostovski leg. , 1♀ ( NMSA ); Mpumalanga , Krüger National Park , Lower Sabie , 14.XII.1985 , 1♀ ( CNC ); Northern Cape , Sterboom Farm , 32°36.794’S 20°44.660’E , 1599 m , 9.II–31.III.2010 , MT, Succulent Karoo, S. van Noort leg. , 1♀ ( SAMC ); North West , Brits district , Magaliesberg , Castle Gorge , 25°48’S 27°34’E , 9.XI.2003 , sweep river course grass & forbs, regrowth after fire, M. Stiller leg. , 1♀ ( SANC ); Western Cape , Cape Peninsula National Park , 34°15’S 18°21.5’E , 100 m , 14–31.XII.1999 , fynbos, FIT, S. & J. Peck leg. , 99–141, 3♀♀ ( CNC ); Western Cape , Ceres , III.1925 , R.E. Turner leg. , 1♂ ( NHMUK ); Western Cape , West Coast Fossil Park , 4 km 270° W Langebaanweg , 32°58.444’S 18°06.731’E , 9–16.X.2002 , MT, Sand plain fynbos dominated by Lebeckia , S. van Noort leg ., 1♂ ( SAMC ). UNITED ARAB EMIRATES : Dubai , Nakhalai , 1♀ ( CDAE ); Wadi Maidaq , 25°18’N 56°07’E , 29.III–10.IV.2006 , yellow and white water-traps, A. van Harten leg. , 1♀ ( MOLC ); al-Ajban, 24°36’N 55°01’E , 2–9.IV.2006 , MT, A. van Harten leg. , 2♀♀ ( MOLC ); same locality label, 26.II–2.IV.2006 , MT, A. van Harten leg. , 6♀♀ ( MOLC ); same locality label, 2–9.IV.2006 , MT, A. van Harten leg. , 3♀♀ ( MOLC ); same locality label, 9.IV–2.V.2006 , MT, A. van Harten leg. , 1♂ ( MOLC ). YEMEN : Wadi Bana , 13°21’N 45°18’E , 100 m , 20.III.1993 , A. van Harten leg. , 1♀ ( MOLC ); Al-Kadan , 15°16’N 43°12’E , 200 m , 3.XII.1997 – 17.II.1998 , MT, A. van Harten & H.M. Naser leg. , 1♀ ( MOLC ); Near Sana’a , 15°21’N 44°13’E , 2300 m , 9.IV.1998 , A. van Harten leg. , 1♀ ( MOLC ); Lahj , 13°04’N 44°53’E , 150 m , X.1998 , IV.2000 , V–VI.2000, I.2001 , III.2001, 1.X–7.XII.2001 , 17.XII.2001 – 31.I.2002 , III–V.2002, MT, A. van Harten & A. Sallam leg. , 6♀♀ , 3♂♂ ( MOLC ); Al-Kowd , 13°05’N 45°22’E , 20 m , 01–15.I.1993 , A. van Harten leg. , 1♀ ( MOLC ); Al Lahima , 15°24’N 43°32’E , 1200 m , 16.X– 31.XII.2000 , A. van Harten & A.M. Hager leg. , 1♀ ( MOLC ); Ja’ar , 13°13’N 45°18’E , 50 m , 15.I.2001 , A. van Harten leg. , 1♀ ( MOLC ). ZAMBIA : Lusaka , 1♀ ( DEUCD ). ZIMBABWE : Harare (= Salisbury ), A. Watsham leg. , 2♀♀ ( NHMUK ); Harare , Chishawasha , IX.1979 , A. Watsham leg. , 1♀ ( NHMUK ). Palaearctic . Known from many Palaearctic countries ( Algeria , Azerbaijan , Egypt , France , Germany , Hungary , Israel , Italy , Lebanon , Morocco , Spain , Sweden , Turkey , Ukraine ) . FIGURE 166. A, B: Echthrodelphax migratorius Benoit : chela of holotype (A); genitalia of ♂ from South Africa, Port St. Johns (B). C, D: Echthrodelphax tauricus Ponomarenko : chela of ♀ from Italy, Sciolze (D); genitalia of ♂ from Spain, Torrevieja (C). Scale bar: A, B: 0.05 mm; C: 0.07 mm; D: 0.06 mm. Hosts . Delphacidae Delphacinae ( Guglielmino et al . 2013 ) : in the Palaearctic region: in France : Ribautodelphax imitans (Ribaut) ; in Germany : Ribautodelphax albostriata (Fieber) ; in Italy : Falcotoya minuscula (Horváth) , Ribautodelphax imitans (Ribaut) , Laodelphax striatella (Fallén) , Megadelphax sordidula (Stål) . In the Afrotropical region: in the Cape Verde Islands: Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) ; in Mozambique : Nycheuma endymion (Fennah) , Metadelphax propinqua (Fieber) . Natural enemies . Hymenoptera Encyrtidae : in Mozambique : Cheiloneurus gonatopodis R. Perkins. This Encyrtid is one of the most common natural enemies of Dryinids in Mozambique (see also Gonatopus amoenus Olmi , Gonatopus mossambicus Olmi and Gonatopus incognitus Olmi ). The reared specimens of C. gonatopodis have the following locality labels: Mozambique , Maputo Prov. , 6 km N Palmeira, parasitized planthopper col- lected on 3.IX.1995 ; cocoon spun on 7.IX.1995 ; encyrtids emergence on 25.IX.1995 , 3♂♂ , 1♀ ( MOLC ); Mozam- bique, Maputo Prov. , 3 km N Umbelúzi , parasitized planthopper collected on 11.XI.1992 ; encyrtids emergence on 26.XI.1992 , 1♂ , 2♀♀ ( MOLC ); Mozambique , Maputo Prov. , 3 km N Umbelúzi , parasitized planthopper collected on 11.XI.1992 ; encyrtids emergence on 26.XI.1992 , 1♂ , 2♀♀ ( MOLC ) . Distribution . Botswana , Cameroon , Cape Verde Islands, Central African Republic , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Ivory Coast , Kenya , Madagascar , Mozambique , Nigeria , Oman , Somalia , South Africa , Yemen , Zambia , Zimbabwe , in addition to many Palaearctic countries.