Taxonomic revision of Perdita subgenus Heteroperdita Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), with descriptions of two ant-like males Author Portman, Zachary M. Author Neff, John L. Author Griswold, Terry text Zootaxa 2016 4214 1 1 97 journal article 37279 10.11646/zootaxa.4214.1.1 49582659-158e-463e-9f56-6bf6ae3d634b 1175-5326 253086 9FAD41E4-36F3-4AE0-B626-6A372E894A59 Perdita trifasciata Timberlake Figs. 10 C, 11C, 12C, 14C, 23R, 24T, 43B, 48, 57E, 60E–F Perdita trifasciata Timberlake, 1953 : 969 , ♂; Timberlake, 1954 : 370 , ♀. Holotype ♂ ( SEMC , accession no. SEMC 1111156 ), White Sands , New Mexico , USA. Perdita ( Heteroperdita ) trifasciata ; Timberlake, 1954 : 370 . Diagnosis. Both sexes of P. trifasciata have the metasoma dark brown or black with white bands apically on the discs of the terga ( Figs. 10 C, 11C). Particularly in the males, the white bands can be interrupted and split into two or four separate marks. The female is similar in coloration to P. sexfasciata and P. optiva , and can be separated from those species by the metasoma with fewer bands (four vs. five), the second medial cell weakened/absent (e.g. Fig. 4 C), mandibles simple, and the pygidial plate narrowly spatulate (24T). The male is distinctive in having only the first three terga with light bands (rarely extending to the fourth tergum). It can be further recognized by the pygidial plate with the apex shallowly and broadly notched ( Fig. 23 R), clypeus strongly dentate, and omaulus lacking a weak carina. Redescription of female. Length: 3.2 mm . Forewing length: 2.0 mm. FIGURE 52. Perdita trifasciata (A) female lateral habitus (FDP75089; Brewster Co., TX), (B) male lateral habitus (BBSL844684; Culberson Co., TX). Scale bars = 1 mm. Coloration. Head ( Fig. 13 C) and mesosoma base color black with metallic bluish luster; clypeus variably marked, ranging from completely white to black with white limited to lateral margins and medial vertical band; supraclypeal mark ranging from completely dark to small white spot; paraocular mark white, transverse to subtriangular, extending to level of bottom of antennal socket; mandible white, tip brown; labrum variably marked, ranging from all white to dark with white around edges; scape light brown anteriorly, lightened to more or less white posteriorly; antenna brown, more or less white ventrally; pronotal collar with pair of transverse white lateral marks dorso-posteriorly; pronotal lobe more or less white; legs dark brown except white on joints of femora and tibiae, anterior fore tibia, mid basitarsus, and distal fore tarsi; wing veins ranging from light to dark brown; metasoma dark brown except T1–T4 with white bands along margins of discs, bands more or less interrupted by sublateral dark spots ( Fig. 11 C); T2 fovea black; pygidial plate brown. Structure and vestiture. Head broader than long ( Fig. 13 C); face, except for clypeus and lower supraclypeal area, covered by recumbent white pubescence, pubescence thinner on vertex; eyes subparallel, slightly converging ventrally; facial fovea linear, parallel to eye, extending from level of tops of antennal sockets half distance to apex of eye; mandible simple; labrum quadrate, slightly less than 2X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, convex, apically protruding slightly less than 1 OD from face; lateral extension strongly folded over, not extending towards base of mandible; venter of head with abundant inward-facing broadly hooked hairs; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle distinct; mesepisternum and scutum sparsely covered with combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; fore coxa and anterior venter of mesepisternum with abundant, broadly hooked hairs; apex of mid tibia with some short, thick, curved setae; forewing with second medial cell weakened/absent; metasoma suboval, wide basally, sides more or less parallel, widest at T3 ( Fig. 11 C); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea short, linear, generally less than 1/3 length of T2; pygidial plate narrowly spatulate, apex evenly rounded ( Fig. 24 T); hairs of prepygidial fimbria slightly thickened, dense. Redescription of male. Length: 3.1 mm . Forewing length: 1.9 mm . Coloration. Head ( Fig. 12 C) and mesosoma base color black with metallic bluish luster; clypeus white, sometimes brown with white restricted to lateral margins and medial vertical band; supraclypeal mark generally absent, sometimes with small white mark; paraocular mark white, transverse or subtriangular, sometimes extending in thin line along eye to level of top of antennal socket; mandible white, tip brownish or reddish; labrum white, sometimes with basomedial dark spot; scape tan except more or less brown anteriorly; antenna brown, tan ventrally; pronotal collar brown, pair of well-separated transverse white marks dorso-posteriorly; pronotal lobe ranging from brown to white; legs dark brown except more or less yellowish-white on anterior fore and mid tibiae and distal fore and mid tarsi, hind legs white at joint of femur and tibia, hind tarsi more or less lightened; wing veins dark brown; metasoma dark brown except T1–T3 with white bands along margins of discs, bands thicker laterally and medially ( Fig. 10 C), bands often interrupted, T4 occasionally with vestigial white band; T2 fovea black, obscure; pygidial plate dark brown. Structure and vestiture. Head oval or subquadrate, broader than long ( Fig. 12 C); face, except for clypeus and lower supraclypeal area, sparsely covered by recumbent white pubescence; eyes ranging from slightly converging to slightly diverging below; mandible simple, curved inwards, extending to far side of labrum in repose; labrum quadrate, 1.5X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, strongly convex, apically protruding 1 OD from face; lateral dentation relatively prominent, lateral extension reaching 1/3 distance to base of mandible; head with short thickened pubescence ventrally; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; mesepisternum and scutum sparsely covered by combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; hind tibia with sparse, thickened hairs; metasoma equal in width to mesosoma, oval, wide basally, tapering apically, widest at margin of T2/T3 ( Fig. 10 C); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea linear, 1/4 length of T2; pygidial plate short, sides slightly converging, apex broadly truncate, bifid with broad, shallow triangular emargination, lateral tips of apex well-defined ( Fig. 23 R); hairs of prepygidial fimbria slightly thickened, sparse. Terminalia . S8 ( Fig. 57 E) with spiculum bifurcate; lateral apodemes not prominent, slightly flexed downwards; apical portion strongly convex, slightly longer than broad, sides constricted basally, then bulging out before moderately converging at apex; apex flattened with weak carina medially; short sparse hairs ventrally; cuticle thinned in circle apically. Genital capsule as in Figs. 60 E–F. Gonostyli separated dorsally by narrow Ushape; gonostylus with triangular ventral lobe stacked directly on top of short, squat, dorsal lobe, ventral lobe with few hairs on outer margins of apex; volsella small; cuspis long, narrow with two spicules apically; digitus extremely minute, unornamented; penis valve long, undulating, broadly turned out apically, extending beyond rest of genitalia; endophallus sclerotized with four distinct parallel vertical bands. Floral records. Asteraceae (1 ♀): Psilostrophe tagetina 1 ♀, Boraginaceae (80 ♂ 78 ♀): Heliotropium sp. 1 ♀, Nama havardii 1 ♂, N. sp. 1 ♂, Tiquilia canescens 3 ♂ 1 ♀, T. gossypina 9 ♂ 7 ♀, T. greggii 1 ♂ 2 ♀, T. hispidissima 42 ♂ 43 ♀, T. mexicana 19 ♂ 23 ♀, T. sp. 4 ♂ 1 ♀, Euphorbiaceae (1 ♀): Chamaesyce sp. 1 ♀. Phenology. April to December. Distribution. Chihuahuan Desert ( Fig. 43 B), USA and Mexico . Type material examined. Holotype data: ♂ , NEW MEXICO : White Sands , 27 Jun 1940 , R.H. Beamer ( SEMC , accession no. SEMC 1111156 ). Additional material examined. Total specimens: 93 ♂ 125 ♀ . MEXICO : Chihuahua : Chihuahua , 118 km N (29.5918 -106.3538): 1 ♂ , 29 Aug 1991 , T.L. Griswold ; Ojinaga , 31 km W (29.4596 -104.7122) : 9 ♂ 6 ♀, 28 Aug 1991 , T.L. Griswold, Tiquilia gossypina ; Ojinaga, 52 km W (29.5567 -104.9558): 5 ♂ 5 ♀, 28 Aug 1991 , T.L. Griswold; 1 ♀ , 28 Aug 1991 , T.L. Griswold , T. gossypina . Coahuila : Cuatro-Cienegas Prot. Area ; Site E 3; ~ 13 km SE Cuatrocienegas ; gypsum flat with sinkholes (26.87167 -102.01813) : 1 ♂ , 22 Jul 2010 , K. Wright , T. hispidissima ; Cuatro-Cienegas Prot. Area ; Site F 4; ~ 18 km E Cuatrocienegas ; gypsum flat (26.87167 -102.01813) : 1 ♀ , 14 May 2010 , K. Wright , T. hispidissima . NEW MEXICO : Eddy Co. : Cottonwood Springs (32.09573 - 104.46763) : 2 ♀, 10 Jun 2010 , J.D. Herndon, A. Druk; Lowe Ranch (32.1744 -104.4989): 1 ♂, 1 Jun 2010 , J.D. Herndon, A. Druk; 1 ♀, 28 Jul 2011 , J.D. Herndon, N. Klass; Main Cave Entrance, 1.5km SSW (32.1638 - 104.44428): 1 ♀, 27 May 2010 , J.D. Herndon, A. Druk; 1 ♂, 22 Jun 2011 , J.D. Herndon, N. Klass; Rattlesnake Springs (32.10953 -104.47161): 2 ♀, 10 Jun 2010 , J.D. Herndon, A. Druk; Seven Rivers, 3 km S (32.5791 - 104.4331): 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 16 May 1989 , T.L. Griswold, T. canescens ; 1 ♀ , 3 Sep 1990 , T.L. Griswold , T. sp.; Walnut Canyon ; 1.9km SSE Cottonwood Spring (32.191 -104.4007) : 1 ♀, 1 Sep 2011 , J.D. Herndon; Walnut Canyon; Whites City (32.1781 -104.3819): 1 ♂ , 3 Jun 2010 , A. Druk , J.D. Herndon ; Otero Co. : White Sands National Monument ; Site C 2; 10 km SW visitor's center; gypsum outcrop hill; gypsum flats (32.7163 -106.2414) : 1 ♂ , 4 Aug 2010 , D.C. Lightfoot , T. hispidissima ; White Sands National Monument ; Site D 1; 1.02 km from U.S. 70; near water tower; gypsum outcrop hill (32.778 -106.1584) : 1 ♀ , 2–7 Aug 2010 , K. Wright ; White Sands National Monument ; Site E 2; ~ 0.18 km SW of Dunes Dr ; gypsum dunes; interdune flats (32.7921 -106.2405) : 1 ♂ , 2–7 Aug 2010 , K. Wright. TEXAS : Brewster Co. : Big Bend National Park , Glen Spr. Road , jct Rte. 11 (29.27061 - 103.15089) : 1 ♀, 10 Sep 1999 , S.E. Wallace; Big Bend National Park, Hot Springs (29.1819 -102.9917): 1 ♂, 14 Apr 1986 , T.L. Griswold, Nama sp.; Big Bend National Park, Nine Pt. Draw(29.6561 -103.0994): 28 ♀, 5 Sep 1999 , S.E. Wallace; Lajitas, 2 mi E (29.276 -103.745): 1 ♂, 14 Sep 2004 , J.L. Neff, T. hispidissima ; Lajitas, 5 mi E (29.283 -103.704): 1 ♂, 9 Sep 1999 , J.L. Neff, T. greggii ; 7 ♂ 13 ♀, 9 Sep 1999 , J.L. Neff, T. mexicana ; 2 ♀, 29 Sep 1999 , J.L. Neff, T. greggii ; 1 ♀, 29 Sep 1999 , J.L. Neff, T. mexicana ; Study Butte, W edge (29.327 -103.558): 3 ♂ 3 ♀ , 19 Apr 2015 , J.L. Neff , T. mexicana ; Culberson Co. : Linda Lake Salt Basin , Along Rd to dune area (31.81346 -105.08996) : 4 ♂ , 22 Aug 2010 , T.L. Griswold , T. sp.; Hudspeth Co. : Indio Mountains Research Station , 25 km S Van Horn (30.77699 -105.01623) : 1 ♀, 25 Aug 1992 , W.P. Mackay; 1 ♀, 29 Dec 1992 , W.P. Mackay; Salt Flat, 1.5 mi E (31.748 -105.051): 6 ♂ 2 ♀, 14 Jun 2005 , J.L. Neff, T. hispidissima ; 1 ♂ 4 ♀ , 1 Sep 2010 , J.L. Neff , A. Hook , T. hispidissima ; Presidio Co. : Presidio , 7 mi S (29.449 -104.28) : 1 ♀, 16 Oct 1998 , R.L. Minckley, Chamaesyce sp.; Redford (29.4497 -104.1889): 1 ♂, 16 Oct 1998 , R.L. Minckley, N. havardii ; Ruidosa, 8 mi SE (29.891 -104.643): 8 ♂ 16 ♀ , 15 Sep 2004 , J.L. Neff , T. hispidissima ; Reeves Co. : Pecos , 3 mi SE (31.244 -103.349) : 1 ♀, 13 Jun 2005 , J.L. Neff, A. Hook, Psilostrophe tagetina ; 13 ♂ 17 ♀ , 13 Jun 2005 , J.L. Neff , A. Hook , T. hispidissima ; Terrell Co. : Dryden , 17 mi E (29.9038 -101.8716) : 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 22 Aug 2008 , J.L. Neff, T. mexicana ; Dryden, 2 mi N (30.071 -102.104): 1 ♀, 9 Sep 2012 , J.L. Neff, T. mexicana ; Dryden, 20 mi E(29.9016 - 101.8378): 1 ♀, 22 Aug 2008 , J.L. Neff, Heliotropium sp.; 5 ♂ 1 ♀, 22 Aug 2008 , J.L. Neff, T. mexicana ; Dryden, 24 mi E (29.9008 -101.7844): 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 15 Aug 2008 , J.L. Neff, T. mexicana ; Dryden, 8 mi SE (29.9732 - 102.0173): 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 28 Aug 1974 , G.E. Bohart, W.J. Hanson; Dryden, 9 mi N (30.099 -102.089): 1 ♂ 2 ♀ , 12 Aug 2010 , J.L. Neff , T. mexicana ; Winkler Co. : Kermit , 13 mi S (31.665 -103.016) : 11 ♂ 3 ♀, 15 Jun 2005 , J.L. Neff, A. Hook, T. hispidissima . Remarks. The male typically has three white bands on the metasoma, but specimens from the more southern localities tend to have four bands.