Deep-sea Oplophoridae (Crustacea Caridea) from the southwestern Brazil Author Cardoso, Irene Author Contents, Paulo Young Table Of text Zootaxa 2005 2005-08-08 1031 1 1 76 https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1031.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.1031.1.1 1175­5334 5050357 BDBAFE95-EF09-4574-9308-B8F39657CD1E Notostomus elegans A. Milne Edwards, 1881 ( Figs 34–38 ) Notostomus elegans A. Milne Edwards, 1881: 7; Crosnier & Forest, 1973: 49 ; Chace, 1986: 56 , figs 28D–F, 29C–E, 30; Kensley, 1987: 287 . Notostomus patentissimus Bate, 1888: 826 , pl. 123, figs 1, 1A–C, 2. Notostomus longirostris Bate, 1888: 833 , pl. 135, fig. 4. Notostomus westergreni Faxon, 1893: 208 . Notostomus atlanticus Lenz & Strunck, 1914: 330 ; De Man, 1920: 46. Material : Revizee Program : E­0523, 19°42’S , 38°32’W , 922m , 1 female ( 16mm ), MNRJ 14850 ; E­0524, 19°43’S , 38°39’W , 925m , 1 female ( 26mm ), MNRJ 14883 . Oceanprof I : A­12, 22°11'S , 39°47'W , 1632m , 1 female (20.5mm), MNRJ 19156 . Diagnosis: Carapace with rostrum overreaching scaphocerite length, with about 14 ventral teeth; antennal spine present; branchiostegal spine present, with distinct carina that extends to posterior carapace margin. Abdomen dorsally carinate on all somites; somites 3 to 6 with posteromesial tooth, the one of somite 3 distinctly strong. Female pleopod 1 with endopod leaf shaped, numerous plumose, articulated setae on lateral margin; female pleopod 2 with appendix interna, plumose setae on lateral margins, hook setae on rounded apex. Description: Eyestalk with ocellus on medio­distal portion ( Fig. 34B ). Carapace with rostrum overreaching scaphocerite length, with 14 acute teeth on ventral margin and 32 acute teeth on dorsal margin, lateral rostral superior and inferior carinas present ( Fig. 34A ); dorsal margin denticulate in entire length; antennal and branchiostegal spines present; supraorbital and pterygostomian spine absent; with gastro­orbital carina extending from near orbit to near posterior margin; infra­gastro­orbital carina on posterior 1/3 of carapace; cervical groove and suprabranchial carina absent, with distinct subhepatic carina from anterior to posterior carapace margin; submarginal carina under subhepatic carina, extending from anterior to posterior carapace margin ( Fig. 34A ). Stylocerite narrow, acute FIGURE 34 — Notostomus elegans A. Milne Edwards, 1881, female, MNRJ 14883 (carapace length 26mm); A, lateral view; B, ocular peduncle and cornea, lateral view; C, right antennule, dorsal view; D, right scaphocerite, dorsal view (as, antennal spine; brs, branchiostegal spine; goc, gastro­orbital carina; igoc, infra gastro­orbital carina; lrci, lateral rostral carina inferior; lrcs, lateral view rostral carina superior; shc, subhepatic carina; smc, submarginal carina; st, stylocerite). apex overreaching first antennular peduncle article; first antennular peduncle article with acute tooth on distal outer margin reaching half of second antennular peduncle article ( Fig. 34C ). Scaphocerite broad, ending in a rounded apex, densely plumose setae on inner margin and strong distal tooth overreaching blade on outer margin ( Fig. 34D ). Mandible with palp three­articulated; incisor process with about eight teeth; molar process triangular, a row of small setae and tooth on apex ( Fig. 35A, B ). Maxilla 1 with two endites; distal endite with numerous stout, pectinate and pectinate setae on inner margin; basal endite with short, broad, plumose setae on inner margin; palp with several pappose setae on rounded apex, without protuberance ( Fig. 35C ). Maxilla 2 with two endites; distal endite bilobed, both lobes with pectinate setae on inner margin; basal endite with densely plumose setae on inner margin; endopod as long as endites, pappose setae on apex and inner margin; scaphognathite with densely plumose setae on all margins ( Fig. 35D ). Maxilliped 1 with two endites; distal endite with pappose setae on distal margin, pectinate setae on inner margin; basal endite with pectinate setae on inner margin; endopod threearticulated, shorter than basal endite, several pappose setae on apex; exopodal lobe with densely plumose setae on all margins; exopod small, densely plumose setae on outer margin ( Fig. 35E ). Maxilliped 2 endopod with elongate ischium and merus, pappose setae on inner margin; carpus short; propod rounded with long, stout, pectinate setae on inner margin; dactyl with long, stout, pectinate setae on inner and posterior margins; exopod with densely plumose setae on all margins ( Fig. 35F ). Maxilliped 3 slender, elongate, with simple setae on all segments, propod­dactyl with stout setae on distal portion; exopod with densely plumose setae on all margins ( Fig. 35G ). Pereopods 1 and 2 chelate. Pereopod 3 ischium with six and merus with 20 strong teeth. Pereopod 4 ischium with six and merus with 23 strong teeth. Pereopod 5 ischium with nine and merus with six strong teeth. ( Fig. 34A ). Epipods with mesial teeth on pereopods 1 to 3 ( Fig. 36A, B ). Abdomen dorsally carinate in all somites; somites 2 to 4 with posteromesial tooth; the one of somite 3 distinctly strong; somite 6 longer than somite 5 ( Fig. 34A ). Female pleopod 1 with rounded endopod, plumose, articulated setae on anterior margin ( Fig. 36C ); female pleopod 2 with appendix interna, plumose setae on anterior margin, rounded apex with hook setae ( Fig. 36D ). Exopod of uropod with complete diaresis, one distal spine on outer margin ( Fig. 37A ). Telson sulcate in dorsal midline, with three pairs of dorsolateral stout setae and two pairs of distal setae; inner pair of short stout setae, outer pair of long, stout setae ( Fig. 37A, B ). FIGURE 35 — Notostomus elegans A. Milne Edwards, 1881, female, MNRJ 14883; A, left mandible, dorsal view; B, right mandible, dorsal view; C, left maxilla 1, dorsal view; D, left maxilla 2, dorsal view; E, left maxilliped 1, dorsal view; F, left maxilliped 2, dorsal view; G, left maxilliped 3, dorsal view. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermudas , Bahamas , Gulf of Mexico, Brazil ( Espírito Santo , Rio de Janeiro ). Eastern Atlantic: Portugal , Spain (Bay of Cadix), Açores Archipelago, south Africa . Indian and Pacific Oceans: Philippines , Indonesia , Australian east coast, Ecuador . Adults probably live in depths between 450 to 5380m (mesopelagic and bathypelagic) ( Chace 1947 , 1986 ; Kensley 1987 ). Remarks: This species occurs in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. In the Western Atlantic this species was previously recorded only from Central America. This is the first record of this species from Brazilian coasts ( Fig. 38 ). The genus Notostomus encompasses eight species, only one is restricted to the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Of the others seven species, one occurs in the Eastern Atlantic, one in the Central Atlantic ( Tristan da Cunha ) and five occur on the Western Atlantic Ocean. Of these five species, three have only one lateral carina on the rostrum base, distinct from N. elegans and N. auriculatus Barnard, 1950 , that have two lateral carinae on the rostrum base. Both species are closely related and have two lateral carinae ventral to a branchiostegal carina. Crosnier & Forest (1973) present a table comparing these two species with diagnostic characters as follow: the carapace is elongate in N. elegans and shorter and higher in N. auriculatus ; the upper lateral carina on rostrum extends to orbit in N. elegans and overreaches orbit in N. auriculatus ; the rostrum has short basal teeth in N. elegans and long on N. auriculatus ; and the submarginal carina extends to posterior carapace margin in N. elegans and does not extend to posterior margin of carapace in N. auriculatus . FIGURE 36 — Notostomus elegans A. Milne Edwards, 1881, female, MNRJ 14883; A, epipod of right second pereopod, lateral view; B, epipod of left second pereopod, lateral view; C, endopod of right first pleopod, lateral view; D, appendix interna of right second pleopod, lateral view (ai, appendix interna). FIGURE 37 — Notostomus elegans A. Milne Edwards, 1881, female, MNRJ 14883; telson and uropods, dorsal view. Notostomus gibbosus Milne Edwards, 1881 , was previously recorded from Brazil , off Pernambuco ( Moreira 1901 ; Coelho & Ramos 1972 ). Notostomus elegans differs from N. gibbosus by having two lateral carina on rostrum base, and in most elongated carapace. The material examined agrees with the descriptive characters mentioned by Crosnier & Forest (1973) , and Chace (1986) with the rostrum having two lateral carinae at base, the upper carina extending to the orbit, the lower carina not continuous with the gastro­orbital carina, the shorter basal rostrum teeth, and in the presence of two carinae ventral to the branchiostegal carina.