The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) Author Kaderka, Radan text Journal of Natural History 2015 2015-07-31 50 393 465 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082 journal article 21299 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082 e739553d-4003-4e0f-b5d2-4f97b61d1610 1464-5262 3985428 727D9326-42D3-45FF-A593-2EF6A9CE5745 Cyriocosmus peruvianus sp. nov. ( Figures 1 – 3 , 25a, b , 27a , 29a , 30 , 33a – d , Tables 1 , 2 ) Types Male holotype ( NMPC P6 A-5725) from Peru , Iquitos, Rio Nanay , village of Cuyana, 2008, Hans-Werner Auer col .; one female paratype ( NMPC P6 A-5726) and one male paratype ( SMFD ), the same locality and date as the holotype , Jorge Portilla col . Etymology The specific name is derived from a distribution area covering a part of the Peruvian Amazon rainforest. Diagnosis Cyriocosmus peruvianus sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners, except C. itayensis sp. nov. , C. aueri sp. nov. , C. giganteus sp. nov. , C. bertae and C. pribiki , by its uniformly coloured carapace and abdomen and by the short paraembolic apophysis in male palpal bulb. It differs from C. itayensis sp. nov. , C. aueri sp. nov. , C. bertae and C. pribiki by having the caliciform extension in female seminal receptacles, from C. itayensis sp. nov. also by the different morphology of male palpal bulb, from C. aueri sp. nov. also by the different coloration and the flat basal plates of female seminal receptacles, from C. giganteus sp. nov. by having the prolateral superior keel in male palpal bulb and the embolus approximately twice as long, from C. bertae also by having a smooth prolateral superior keel and by the presence of a retrolateral process on male palpal tibia, from C. pribiki also by the different coloration, flat basal plates of female seminal receptacles, cymbium without spiniform setae and by the metatarsal flexion between the two tibial apophyses. Figure 1. Cyriocosmus peruvianus sp. nov. from Peru, Iquitos, Rio Nanay. (a) Male holotype (NMPC P6A-5725, formerly RKCP 0480). (b) Female (RKCP 0364). Scale bar = 10 mm. Distribution ( Figures 36 , 37 ) Known only from Maynas province in Loreto region , Rio Nanay near Iquitos in Peru . The region is a part of the Amazonian lowland originally covered with rainforest. Description Male (NMPC P6A-5725) ( Figures 1a , 2 , 25a, b , 27a ): Total length: 18.2, carapace length 9.6, width 8.2, chelicerae with 8 – 9 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: VVvVV-V-VVV, 1 small and 8 big teeth. Left side: VVVV-V-VVV, 8 big Figure 2. Cyriocosmus peruvianus sp. nov. , male holotype (NMPC P6A-5725, formerly RKCP 0480) from Peru, Iquitos, Rio Nanay. (a) Carapace, coxae and trochantera, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, labium, coxae and trochantera, ventral view. (c) Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. (d) Abdomen without striped pattern, ventral view. (e) Cymbium and tibia of left palp, arrow shows retrolateral process covered with numerous spiniform setae, dorsoretrolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm (c, d, e). Scale bar = 10 mm (a, b). teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances ( Figure 2c ): AME 0.39 (circular), ALE 0.39 (oval), PME 0.29 (oval), PLE 0.36 (oval), AME – AME 0.08, AME – ALE 0.10, PME – PME 0.73, PME – PLE 0.08, ALE – PLE 0.13, Figure 3. Cyriocosmus peruvianus sp. nov. , female paratype (NMPC P6A-5726, formerly RKCP 0363) from Peru, Iquitos, Rio Nanay. (a) Carapace, coxae and trochantera, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, labium, coxae and maxillae, ventral view. (c) Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. (d, e) Abdomen without striped pattern, (d) dorsal view, (e) ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm (c). Scale bar = 10 mm (a, b, d, e). Table 1. Cyriocosmus peruvianus sp. nov. Male holotype. Lengths of palpal and leg segments.
Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total
Palp 4.5 2.6 3.4 — 1.1 11.6
Leg I 7.1 4.2 5.3 5.4 3.8 25.8
Leg II 6.4 3.7 4.4 4.8 3.7 23.0
Leg III 5.9 3.2 3.6 4.5 3.3 20.5
Leg IV 7.2 3.3 5.3 6.6 4.0 26.4
AME – PME 0.06, OQ length 0.83, width 1.61. Ocular tubercle flattened, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 0.8, 6.0 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.27, width 1.73, anterior third with 77 cuspules, maxillae with 221 – 231 cuspules in basal half. Sternum length 4.6, width 4.0, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.31, 0.47 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.26, 0.26 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.13, 0.28 from edge of sternum). Leg pattern: IV>I>II>III. Incrassate leg segments: slightly incrassate femur III. Table 2. Cyriocosmus peruvianus sp. nov. Female paratype. Lengths of palpal and leg segments.
Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total
Palp 5.1 3.4 3.5 — 4.4 16.4
Leg I 6.9 4.8 5.2 4.3 4.0 25.2
Leg II 6.2 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.8 22.3
Leg III 5.5 3.7 3.5 4.2 3.5 20.4
Leg IV 7.1 4.1 5.4 6.3 3.9 26.8
Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I, II 50%, metatarsi III 40%, metatarsi IV 15% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II undivided, intermixed with long setae in longitudinal row, tarsal scopulae III, IV divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae. Spination: femora I p 0-0-1 (apical), II 0, III d 0-0-1 (apical), IV d 0-0-1 (apical) and femora of palps 0; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I p 0-1-0, II p 1-1-0, v 0-0-2 (apical), III p 1-1-0, r 1-0-0, v 0-0-2 (apical), IV p 1-1-0, r 1-1-0, v 1-2-2 (apical) and tibiae of palps p 0-1-0; metatarsi I p 0-1-0, v 0-0-1 (apical), II p 0-1-0, v 0-0-3 (apical), III p 2-1-1 (apical), r 0-1-1 (apical), v 2-2-3 (apical), IV p 0-1-1 (apical), r 0-1-1 (apical), v 1-2-3 (apical), tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0. Palpal organ as in Figure 25a and b , embolus with short PA and with smooth PS keel. Tegulum with distinct granulated TP, projecting prolaterally. Retrolateral face of cymbium without basal field of spiniform setae. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia with distinct subapical protuberance covered with cluster of numerous spiniform setae ( Figure 2e ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I ( Figure 27a ): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with very short apical spine, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with single, well-developed retrolateral spine at base and approximately of the same length as prolateral tibial apophysis. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. Metatarsus I flexion is between both tibial apophyses. Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch. PLS: length 5.98, basal segment 2.18, middle segment 1.52, apical segment 2.28, all digitiform. PMS: 1.05. Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view ( Figures 1a , 2a ): carapace uniformly reddishbrown, and covered with golden pubescence, without dark caput, coxae, trochantera and chelicerae reddish-brown, and covered with golden pubescence, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi black, intermixed with long, pale setae. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two distinct longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with single diagonal stripe. Abdomen covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central reddish-brown glossy patch in shape of heart. Length of central patch: 3.6, width 4.0. Ventral view ( Figure 2b ): labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi black. Abdomen ventrally without dark longitudinal band ( Figure 2d ). Spinnerets dark brown. Female (NMPC P6A-5726) ( Figures 3a – e , 29a ): Total length: 23.0, carapace length 10.1, width 9.2, chelicerae with 9 – 10 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vvvvv-VvVVV, 6 smaller and 4 big teeth. Left side: vvvvvV-VVV, 5 smaller and 4 big teeth. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances ( Figure 3c ): AME 0.42 (circular), ALE 0.52 (oval), PME 0.26 (oval), PLE 0.42 (oval), AME – AME 0.16, AME – ALE 0.16, PME – PME 0.86, PME – PLE 0.03, ALE – PLE 0.16, AME – PME 0.12, OQ length 0.91, width 1.91. Ocular tubercle: length 1.35, width 1.91, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 1.76, 7.22 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.47, width 1.85, anterior quarter with 94 cuspules, maxillae with 218 – 234 cuspules. Sternum length 4.6, width 4.58, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.52, 0.44 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.26, 0.34 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.23, 0.36 from edge of sternum). Leg pattern: IV>I>II>III. All leg segments uniform. Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 50%, metatarsi II, III 40%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II divided by longitudinal line of setae, tarsal scopulae III, IV divided by longitudinal band of setae. Spination: femora I d 0-0-1, II d 0-0-1, III 0, IV 0 and femora of palps d 0-0-1; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I 0, II v 0-0-2 (apical), III v 0-0-2 (apical), p 1-1-0, r 1-1-0, IV v 0-0-2 (apical), r 1-0-1 and tibiae of palps 0; metatarsi I v 0-1-2 (apical), II v 0-1-3 (apical), p 0-1-1 (apical), III v 1-1-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-1 (apical), d 0-1-1, IV v 1-2-1-3 (apical), p 0-1-1 (apical), d 0-1-1, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0. Spermathecae ( Figure 29a ): two separated spiral seminal receptacles, distally terminated with caliciform extension, basally with flat sclerotized plates. Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch. PLS: length 6.61, basal segment 2.55, middle segment 1.88, apical segment 2.18, all digitiform. PMS: 1.17. Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view ( Figure 1b ): carapace uniformly reddishbrown, and covered with golden pubescence, without dark caput, coxae, trochantera and chelicerae reddish-brown, and covered with golden pubescence, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi black, intermixed with long, pale setae. Palpal patellae, patellae I, II, tibiae I – IV with two distinct longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with single diagonal stripe. Prolateral face of coxae I covered with very short spiniform setae above and below suture. Palpal femur and femur I prolaterally partly bare. Abdomen ( Figure 3d ) covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central reddish-brown glossy patch in shape of heart. Length of central patch: 4.17, width 4.81. Ventral view ( Figure 3b ): labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi black. Abdomen ventrally without dark longitudinal band ( Figure 3e ). Spinnerets dark brown. Variability The variability in morphology of male palpal bulbs is shown in Figure 30 , in the shape of spermathecae in Figure 33a – d . The variability in the length of the carapace, the number and the arrangement of the cheliceral teeth, the number of labial and maxillary cuspules, the leg pattern and the spination of tibial apophyses is shown in Table 3.