First report of rare pomfrets (Teleostei: Bramidae) from Brazilian waters, with a key to Western Atlantic species Author Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo Author Marcovaldi, Guy Author Sampaio, Cláudio L. S. Author Paiva, Isabel G. Author Duarte, Luiz A. G. text Zootaxa 2009 2290 1 26 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.191361 26d2923a-a7f5-44aa-ae60-bbb025d19b8e 1175-5326 191361 Pterycombus Fries, 1837 Mead (1972) recognized two species within this genus: Pterycombus brama and Pterycombus petersii . To date P. brama is reported only from the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic ( Canada to Gulf of Mexico and to northern South America ; Iceland , British Isles and Norway to Gulf of Guinea ); P. petersii is reported from the Indo-Pacific ( South Africa to Japan and the central Pacific), the southeastern Atlantic ( South Africa ), and the southwestern Atlantic (southeastern Brazil ) ( Mead, 1972 ; Scott and Scott, 1988 ; Tomás et al. 1988 ; Figueiredo et al. , 2002 ; Thompson, 2008 ). FIGURE 18 C & D Taractichthys longipinnis , UF 168739, young, 50.0 mm SL, from Bahamas. FIGURE 19. Brama caribbea MZUSP 78258, 113.6 mm SL. FIGURE 20. Brama dussumieri MZUSP 61634, 94.3 mm SL. FIGURE21. Brama brama MZUSP 80495 41.8 mm SL. Several MZUSP specimens are damaged or not well preserved, but 12 were selected as in fair to good condition to be examined. The diameter of the eye was not considered by us as a useful parameter, as the variation in our specimens is much larger and does not agree at all with that of Mead (1972) , probably because of the conditions of most of the old specimens; the same was found for the number of rays of the dorsal, pectoral and anal fins, the number of vertebrae and the actual size of the longest anal fin ray. On the other hand, the proportion of the longest dorsal fin ray in standard length showed a very conclusive difference ( TABLE 4 ; FIG 11 ). Even so, two specimens could belong to either species (or even to a hybrid) as their measurements are intermediary between the two species (when the size is examined and compared with figure 48 of Mead (1972)) . This latter figure is a graph displaying the “Relative height of (A) dorsal and (B) anal fin in young and adult Pterycombus brama and Pterycombus petersii ”, and clearly shows a degree of overlap in certain size classes ( 30 mm , for example). No adult of any Pterycombus species was ever documented to date in Brazilian waters. The presence of an undescribed species in the southern Atlantic, a possibility raised by Mead (1972) , remains to be confirmed. With the present paper, the number of Southwestern Atlantic Bramidae species increased from seven to ten, one of the largest in the world and, to date, the only with both species of Pterycombus . TABLE 4. Selected measurements of old Pterycombus specimens in the MZUSP collection; numbers in brackets are number of specimen in each sample. Pterycombus MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP 61622 61623 (1) 61623 (2) 61572 61633 Measurements (mm) Standard length 108,93 84,23 60,13 78,74 110,59 Head 26,57 23,8 18 ,95 21,47 28,22 Eye, horizontal 8,86 7 ,81 6,89 7 ,61 9,91 Longest dorsal fin ray 68,4 51,48 34,23 43,17 62,51 Proportions (%) Eye on Head 3,0 0 3,0 5 2,75 2 ,82 2,85 Longest D ray/SL 0,63 0,61 0,57 0,55 0,57 ID Longest D Ray (1) brama brama brama brama brama Eye on head (2) brama brama petersii petersii petersii continued. Pterycombus MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP (1): Comparing with Mead’s graph (Fig. 48) (2): Comparing with Mead’s key (pg.93)