Zavrelia parapentatoma (Chironomidae: Diptera), a curious new species from North America, revealed by molecular methods Author Namayandeh, Armin 0000-0003-2136-0497 Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, Canada. arminnamayandeh @ trentu. ca; a. namayan @ taxanama. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2136 - 0497 arminnamayandeh@trentu.ca Author Hudson, Patrick L. 5597 New Meadow Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48197. Author Ghaderi, Edris Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. & Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. Author Stott, Wendylee 0000-0002-5252-4901 Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Arctic and Aquatic Research Division, 501 University Cr., Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Wendylee. Stott @ dfo-mpo. gc. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5252 - 4901 tott@dfo-mpo.gc.ca text Zootaxa 2023 2023-02-28 5249 1 111 124 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.6 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.6 1175-5326 7685359 FC367536-2DF0-4598-992B-78022F58623A Key to the known larvae of Zavrelia 1. AAR ≥ 1.2.......................................................................................... 2 - AAR ≤ 1............................................................................................ 3 2. Inner margin of mandible with two spines. First antennal segment 66 μm long. Antennal blade <100 μm long ( Ekrem & Stur 2009 : Figs. 11D, G)................................................................. Z. sinica Ekrem & Stur - Inner margin of mandible smooth. The first antennal segment 55 μm long. Antennal blade> 100 μm long................................................................................................ Z. hudsoni Ekrem & Stur 3. Antennal pedestal ≥ 80 μm long.......................................................................... 4 - Antennal pedestal <80 μm long.......................................................................... 5 4. Inner margin of mandible with one spine. Lauterborn organs prominent with second Lauterborn organ ≥ 30 μm long ( Zorina, 2008 : Figs. 8, 11)......................................................................... Z. elenae Zorina - Inner margin of mandible with two spines. Lauterborn organs less prominent with second Lauterborn organ <30 μm long ( Zorina, 2008 : Figs. 21, 23)........................................................ Z. pseudopentatoma Zorina 5. First antennal segment 65–70 μm long. Antennal blade 125–150 μm long; AAR about 1.0 ( Ekrem & Stur 2009 : Fig. 2D ).................................................................................... Z. aristate Ekrem & Stur - First antennal segment> 70 μm long. Antennal blade <120 μm long; AAR <1.0................................... 6 6. Ventromental plates extend to the third lateral teeth of the mentum. Lauterborn organ 15 μm long ( Ekrem & Stur 2009 : Figs. 2D–E ). The shortest anal setae, close to 120 μm long.................................. Z. pentatoma Kieffer & Bause - Ventromental plates extend to the border of second and third lateral teeth of the mentum. Lauterborn organ 17–26 μm long (Figs.) The shortest anal setae, close to 380 μm long...................................... Z. parapentatoma sp. nov.