Redescription of the adult male and description of second-instar male, prepupa and pupa of Ceroplastes japonicus Green (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) Author Rainato, Alessio Author Pellizzari, Giuseppina text Zootaxa 2008 1895 25 38 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.184431 178fe212-7cb9-4589-9306-70d1cfdb74da 1175-5326 184431 Ceroplastes japonicus Green Ceroplastes floridensis japonicus Green, 1921 : 258 . Ceroplastes japonicus Green ; Borchsenius 1949 : 181 . Material examined . ITALY : Padua, on Citrus reticulata , ix.2003 , G. Pellizzari: 11 adult males, 10 2ndinstar males, 10 prepupae, 11 pupae , 6 male tests; and Noale (Venice), on Laurus nobilis , 14.x.2007 , A. Rainato: 17 adult males, 10 2nd-instar males, 10 prepupae, 10 pupae + 10 male tests. MALE TEST (Plate 1: a–d) Described from 10 male tests; total length and total width measured from 5 specimens in fairly good condition, with undamaged waxy projections; details checked on remaining specimens. General appearance of male test: white, opaque, with a dry wax structure, oblong, star-shaped; median plate strongly elevated, slightly broadened and more elevated anteriorly; with 13 distinct marginal waxy projections plus 2 small anal plate projections; parastigmal processes not seen on examined specimens. Total length, including waxy projections, 1758–2012 (1874) μm; width 1043–1639 (1416) μm. Test base welldefined, ellipsoidal, with peripheral waxy fringe along margin; length of test base: 835–1363 (1027) μm; width: 461–725 (585) μm. Distribution on host plant: male tests are usually located on the lower surface of leaves. Comments. Borchsenius (1957) provided a short description (p. 465) and a drawing (p. 32) of the test of C. japonicus . Our description and measurements agree with his (about 2.1 mm in length and 1.6 mm in width). ADULT MALE (Fig. 1, Plate 1: e, f) Described from 8 males in fairly good condition; details checked on remaining specimens. Mounted material: 983–1267 (1132) μm long; 326–359 (338) Μm wide across triangular plates; body broad and stocky, but this possibly due to specimen becoming squashed when mounted. Body and appendages covered with numerous setae, mostly fleshy setae ( fs ); hair-like setae ( hs ) fewer. Dermal pores entirely absent. Abdominal glandular pouches and associated setae absent. Caudal extensions present on abdominal segments VII and VIII. PLATE 1. (a) Star-shaped male test of C. japonicus (Green) ; the test exhibits 13 noticeable lateral waxy projections; (b) Male tests on lower surface of a leaf; (c) Comparison between young females (pinkish, in the middle) and male tests (white); (d) Adult male inside the test, the arrow indicates the peripheral fringe around the test base; (e & f) Adult male emerging backwards from waxy test. Head: Bluntly triangular in dorsal view; length from apex to pronotal ridge ( prnr ) 137–204 (170) μm, width across genae 179–241 (209) μm. Median crest ( mc ) showing polygonal reticulations; dorsal head setae with 12–14 (13) fs and 4–8 (7) hs . Dorsal mid-cranial ridge absent; ventral midcranial ridge ( vmcr ) strong, extending from short lateral arms posteriorly to margin of ocular sclerite; with 4 ventral midcranial ridge hs . Genae ( g ) sclerotised, with polygonal reticulations and with 22–27 (24) fs and 2–5 hs genal setae ( gs ) on each side. Simple eyes round, subequal in size; dorsal eyes ( dse ) situated near head apex, each 24–33 (29) Μm wide; ventral eyes ( vse ) on posterior ventral area of head, each 22–37 (27) Μm wide. Ocelli ( o ) situated laterally, each 14.8–18.5 (15.4) Μm wide, lying just anterior to postocular ridge ( pocr ); interocular ridge absent. Ocular sclerite fairly well sclerotised, with polygonal reticulations throughout. Preocular ridge quite distinct but short; postocular ridge ( pocr ) strongly developed. Dorsal ocular setae ( dos ) 3 fs and 1 hs . Ventral head setae 12–16 (14) fs , mainly situated antero-laterally to ventral simple eyes. Preoral ridge in some specimens fairly well developed, about 15 Μm in length. Cranial apophysis poorly defined, with bifurcate apex. Antennae : ten-segmented and filiform, with short, stout fleshy setae ( fs ); each antenna 372–522 (434) μm long; shorter than half body length (ratio of total body length to antennal length 1: 0.38–0.41, average 0.38), shorter than posterior leg (ratio of posterior leg length to antennal length 1:0.30) and longer than penial sheath (ratio of penial sheath to antennal length 1:1.52–1.68, average 1.63). Scape ( scp ) approximately square, 26–37 (31) μm long, 22–56 (37) μm wide; with 2 or 3 hs , plus sometimes 1 fs . Pedicel ( pdc ), 26–37 (31 μm) long, 33–41 (37) μm wide; with 1–5 (3.5) fs and 0–4 (2) hs , and with polygonal reticulations on distal 1/3. Segment III club-shaped, 1.77–2.25 (1.79) times longer than wide; 33–59 (39) μm long, 15–33 (22) Μm maximum width, with 3–10 (6) fs and 0–2 hs . Segments IV–IX cylindrical, each about 15–28 (21μm) wide; lengths (μm): III 15–33 (22); IV 85 –111 (97); V 59 –85 (71); VI 36 –57 (51); VII 15–33 (26); VIII 35 –48 (41); IX 33 – 43 (38); setal distribution: III 3–10 (6), IV 18–28 (23), V 12–18 (15), VI 10–21 (15), VII 5–9 (7), VIII 8–17 (11), IX 6–11 (9) all fs except for 1 or 2 hs on each of segments III, VIII and IX. One antennal bristle ( abr ) present on segments VIII & IX, each 37–48 (44) μm long and distinctly larger than fs . Segment X 37 –52 (44) μm long, 15–22 (20) μm wide, with apex constricted; with 2–6 (4) fs , 0–4 hs , 3 abr and 3 or 4 subapical capitatae setae;. FIGURE 1. Ceroplastes japonicus Green , adult male. Where A = last antennal segments; B = body setae: fleshy seta (B I), hair seta (B II); C = metatarsus and claw; D = dorsal and ventral view of the genital segment; E = cranial apophysis; F = dorsal (F I) and ventral (F II) view of polygonal reticulations on head capsule. And where abr = antennal bristles; ads = dorsal abdominal setae; aed = aedeagus; ams3s = antemetaspiracular setae; amss = anterior metasternal setae; as II– as VIII= abdominal sternites II–VIII; at I – at VIII= abdominal tergite I–VIII; bra = basal rod of aedeagus; c = claw; cb = coxal bristles; ccx = costal complex of wing veins; cdgt = claw digitules; ce VII = caudal extension of segment VII; ce VIII = caudal extension of segment VIII; cx3 = coxa of methathoracic leg; dos = dorsal ocular setae; dpls = dorsopleural setae; dse = dorsal simple eye; dss = dorsal spiracular setae; eps2 = mesepisternum; f = furca; fm3 = femur of metathoracic leg; g = genae; gfs = genital fleshy setae; gs = genal setae; mc = median crest; mr = marginal ridge; o = ocellus; pa = postalare; pdc = pedicel; pepcv = proepisternum + cervical sclerite; pms2 = postmesospiracular setae; pmss = posterior metasternal setae; pn2 = mesopostnotum; pna = postnatal apophysis; pocr = preocular ridge; pra = prealare; prn = lateral pronotal sclerite; prnr = pronotal ridge; prsc = prescutum; ps = penial sheath; pscr = prescutal ridge; pscs = prescutal suture; scl = scutellum; sclf = scutellar foramen; scp = scape; sct =scutum; scts = scutal setae; sp2 = mesothoracic spiracle; sp3 = metathoracic spiracle; stn1 = prosternum; stn1s = prosternal setae; stn2 = basisternum or mesosternum; stn3 = metasternum; tar3 = tarsus of metathoracic leg; teg = tegula; tegs = tegular setae; tdgt = tarsal digitules; ti3 = tibia of metathoracic leg; tibs= tibial spur; tp = triangular plate; tr3 = trochanter of metathoracic leg; vmcr = ventral midcranial ridge; vse = ventral simple eye. Thorax Prothorax : membranous; pronotal ridges ( prnr ) well developed, medially fused by weak sclerotisation; pronotal sclerite ( prn ) present; without lateral pronotal setae. Median pronotal setae absent; post-tergite not detected. Prosternum ( stn1 ) lightly sclerotised; with base of median ridge and transverse ridge strongly developed; with total of 8–10 fs prosternal setae ( snt1s ). Anteprosternal setae absent. Antemesospiracular setae: 3 on each side of body. Mesothorax : mesoprephragma with deep ventral emargination. Prescutum ( prsc ) 78–111 (94) μm long; 126–161 (139) μm wide; strongly sclerotised, with polygonal reticulations; anterior margin curved; laterally bounded by heavily sclerotised prescutal ridges ( pscr ) and posteriorly by prescutal suture ( pscs ). Scutum ( sct ): with median membranous area trapezoidal or sub-rectangular, wider posteriorly; 26–78 (49) μm long; 148– 185 (166) μm wide; scutal setae ( scts ): 10–14 (12) fs and 6–10 (8) hs . Rest of the scutum sclerotised, with fairly well-defined polygonal nodulation, but without setae. Scutellum ( scl ) 33–48 (41) μm long, 133–178 (155) μm wide; tubular, with small ventral foramen; without scutellar ridge or scutellar setae. Prealare ( pra ) and triangular plate ( tp ) well developed. Tegula ( teg ) present, with 1–4 (3) hs tegular setae ( tegs ). Mesopostnotum ( pn2 ) well developed; postnotal apophysis ( pna ) and postalare well developed and strongly sclerotised. Postalare ( pa ) without nodulation and without postalare setae. Mesopostphragma with deep emargination. Mesopleural apophysis and mesopleural wing process well developed. Basalare well developed. Subalare present. Mesepisternum ( eps2 ) with nodulations; subepisternal ridge well developed. Mesepimeron not seen or not developed. Lateropleurite broad, partly bounded anteriorly by an extension from marginal ridge ( mr ). Basisternum ( stn2 ) 111–155 (137) μm long, 148–248 (218) μm wide; with a strong medial ridge and bounded anteriorly by strong marginal ridges and posteriorly by strong precoxal ridges ( pcr2 ); without setae; furca ( f ) well developed, narrow waisted, with arms divergent and extending about ¾ way to marginal ridge anteriorly. Mesothoracic spiracle ( sp2 ) with well-developed peritreme; width of peritreme 13–22 (17) μm; post-mesospiracular setae ( pms2 ): 25–35 (27) fs , arranged in a band across segment between spiracles. Metathorax: suspensorial sclerite absent. Metapostnotum not detected; with a single fs metatergal seta on each side; dorsospiracular setae ( dss ) 4–6 fs . Metapleural ridge and metapleural ridge wing process well developed. Metasternum ( stn3 ) quite strongly sclerotised; anterior metasternal setae ( amss ) 12–24 (17) fs ; posterior metasternal setae ( pmss ) 14–19 (17) fs . Metepisternum sclerotised, with 6–8 fs postmetaspiracular setae; precoxal ridge well developed, with a short, fairly well sclerotised metepimeron produced posteriorly. Metathoracic spiracle similar to mesothoracic one; width of peritreme 15–30 (18) μm. Wings : hyaline; rather short and comparatively broad; 864–983 (905) μm long and 373–522 (443) μm wide; ratio of width to length 1:1.89–2.32 (2.04); ratio of total body length to wing length 1: 0.78–0.88 (0.80); alar lobe and alar setae absent. Hamulohalterae absent. Legs : long and slender, prothoracic leg shortest, metathoracic leg longest; total lengths (μm): I 844–1027 (946); II 844–1065 (969); III 885–1201 (1089) μm; ratio of hind leg to total body length 1:2–2.2 (1:2.1). Coxae ( cx ): I 44 –85 (53); II 59 –89 (72); III 59 –63 (79) μm long; setae of coxa III 8–19 (15) fs and 2–9 (6) hs . Trochanter ( tr ) + femur ( fm ) lengths (μm): I 174–215 (197); II 167–200 (185); III 174–218 (194); maximum widths: I 26–44 (35); II 31–41 (37); III 33 –44 (39); ratio of maximum width to length of hind femur 1:4.9–5.2 (5); with 2 campaniform sensilla on each side of trochanter. Trochanter III with 7–12 (9) fs and 1–3 hs ; femur III with 14–31 (22) fs and 2–8 (5) hs . Tibia ( ti ): I 196–251 (228); II 192–263 (230); III 233–315 (284) μm long; tibia III with 42–75 (58) fs ; 4–15 (9) hs ; with one tibial spur ( tibs ). Tarsi ( tar ) one-segmented: I 92 –111 (101); II 96 –111 (103); III 74 –122 (107) μm long (ratio of length of tibia III to length of tarsus III 1 :0.31–0.39 (0.38)); tarsus III with 12–43 (26) fs , 2–4 hs ; tarsal campaniform pores absent; tarsal digitules ( tdgt ) each 20– 22 Μm long, with apical knob. Claws ( c ) short, slightly curved, denticle small or absent: length III 15–22 (19) μm, claw digitules ( cdgt ) capitate, each 20–26 (23) μm long. Abdomen: Segments I–VII: tergites ( at ) I–IV unsclerotised, V–VII slightly sclerotised; sternites ( as ) I–IV weakly sclerotised, V and VII fairly well sclerotised. Caudal extension of segment VII ( ce VII ) tapering, weakly sclerotised, with 11–17 (12) pleural fs and 2 or 3 hs . Dorsal abdominal setae ( ads ) (total across segment): I 16–24 (20) fs ; II 16–24 (20) fs ; III 4–16 (10) fs + 2 hs ; IV 6–20 (13) fs + 2 hs ; V 2–14 (8) fs + 2 hs ; VI 2–18 (11) fs + 2–4 hs ; VII 6–10 (8) fs + 2–6 (4) hs . Pleural setae: dorsopleural setae ( dpls ) (on each side): I 2 or 3 fs and generally 1 hs ; II 1–4 (2) fs + 1 hs ; III 1–4 (2) fs + 1 or 2 hs ; IV 2–4 fs + 1 hs ; V 2–6 (3) fs + 1–2 hs ; VI 2– 4 (3) fs + 1–4 (2) hs , and VII 1–3 fs + 1 or 2 hs . Ventropleural setae ( vpls ) (on each side): I 2–8 (4) fs + 0 or 1 hs ; II 1–4 (2) fs ; III 2–6 (3) fs + 0 or 1 hs ; IV 1–6 (3) fs + 1 hs ; V 1–4 (2) + 1 or 2 hs ; VI 1–3 (2) fs + 1 or 2 hs ; VII 1–4 (2) fs + 1 or 2 hs on VII. Ventral abdominal setae (totals): I 10–21 (16) fs ; II 10–22 (17) fs ; III 12–16 (14) fs + 2 hs ; IV 10–16 (12) fs + 2–4 hs ; V 7–16 (11) fs + 2–6 (3) hs ; VI 4–10 (8) fs + 2–4 hs ; and VII 4–10 (8) fs + 2–6 (4) hs. Segment VIII: tergite ( at ) and sternite ( as ) sclerotised; tergite sometimes with a pair of short fs dorsal abdominal setae ( ads ); sternite without ventral abdominal setae; caudal extension of segment VIII ( ce VIII ) weakly sclerotised, semi-circular lobe; cicatrix absent; with 0–2 hs ventral abdominal setae; glandular pouches absent, but with about 4 long hs in this position. Genital segment: anus present just anterior to penial sheath on dorsal surface, 27–42 (37) μm wide. Penial sheath ( ps ) long, anteriorly with parallel sides, posteriorly with a pointed apex; covered by a membranous extension from segment IX; penial sheath with a group of small sensilla near apex; also with 10–17 (14) fs and 8–21 (14) minute hs penial sheath setae ( gfs ); fs mainly on basal portion of penial sheath margin. Penial sheath 244–310 (267) μm long and 63–111 (75) μm wide at base; ratio of total body length to penial sheath length about 1:4. Basal rod ( bra ) distinct, positioned just posterior to basal membranous area of aedeagus, 248–315 (291) μm long and 15–19 Μm wide; aedeagus ( aed ) with parallel sides; 178–296 (233) μm long, lying within penial sheath, membranous extension of aedeagus absent. Comments: the membranous area of the scutum of C. japonicus has 10–14 (12) fs and 6–10 (8) hs scutal setae ( scts ) which is fewer than the 45 reported for C. ceriferus by Gimpel et al . (1974) . On the other hand, C. cirripediformis apparently has about 23 scutal setae and glandular pouches and associated setae, that are absent on both C. japonicus and C. ceriferus ( Gimpel et al. , 1974 ) . The penial sheath has unusual fleshy setae ( gfs ) on the margins of the basal part, a character shared with C. cirripediformis . Fleshy setae are absent from the penial sheaths of W. berliniae and Waxiella sp. ( Giliomee, 1967 ). Our description is similar to the drawings of C. japonicus penial sheath by Borchsenius (1957, p. 30, figs 58, 59) .