Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) - a centennial conspectus Author Souza, Carina Mara De carina_mara@yahoo.com.br Author Pape, Thomas tpape@snm.ku.dk Author Thyssen, Patricia Jacqueline carina_mara@yahoo.com.br text Zootaxa 2020 2020-08-31 4841 1 1 126 journal article 8542 10.11646/zootaxa.4841.1.1 18306272-d3ad-494e-a630-cf9f40132d2f 1175-5326 4405603 F55A3BE7-673C-4D46-9FC4-D5B5C7041DC0 Oxysarcodexia admixta ( Lopes, 1933 ) ( Figs 6–8 ) Sarcophaga admixta Lopes, 1933: 156 ; Brazil , Rio de Janeiro , Angra dos Reis. Holotype male and three female paratypes in MNRJ. Diagnosis. Length 7.0–10.0 mm. Postocular plate with silvery pollinosity. Ocellar bristles well developed. Thorax generally with golden pollinosity, sometimes more intense on humeral region, contrasting with silvery pollinosity of abdomen; T5 partly with golden pollinosity. Two well-differentiated posterior and 2 smaller anterior post-sutural dorsocentrals; apical scutellar bristles present. Legs blackish. T3 with 1 pair of lateral marginal bristles, T4 with 1 pair of median marginal and 2 pairs of lateral marginal bristles. ST5 with deep median cleft with margins almost parallel and pilosity on arms. Cercus in lateral view with straight ventral margin, expanded rounded apex and scattered bristles along entire ventral margin. Cerci with distal third narrower than middle part in posterior view; diverging. Pregonite and postgonite gradually narrowing from base to apex; unicolorous. Distiphallus with smooth ventroapical margin, conical apex and straight dorsal outline. Vesica symmetrical, with rounded median projection of main branch; distal lobes reduced, filamentous, sclerotized, tapering, with spines only along margins. Remarks. The shapes of the cercus and phallus are similar to those of O. carvalhoi ( Fig. 61 ); differences are found in the apex of the distiphallus, where a ventroapical concavity is lacking in O. admixta ( Fig. 7 ), and in the vesica, which is more developed in O. carvalhoi than in O. admixta though still reduced in comparison with other species of the genus, with lateral lobes and spines only on the ventral surface in O. admixta . The terminalia of O . admixta also present similarities with those of O. avuncula , O. berlai , O. carvalhoi , O. diana and O. ventricosa with regard to the conical apex of the distiphallus and the spinous vesica with triangular apex of distal lobes ( Figs 7 , 43, 49 , 61 , 103 , 272 ; species included in the ventricosa group by Lopes (1975c) based on both male and female morphology). Oxysarcodexia admixta is also similar to O. rimata sp. n. ( Fig. 238 ), which differs by having juxta knurled apically, apex of distiphallus more angled and vesica longer, reaching ventroapical margin of distiphallus. The female of O . admixta has an undivided T7 ( Tibana & Mello 1985 ). Distribution. NEOTROPICAL. Argentina (Misiones), Brazil (Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo , Goiás , Maranhão , Mato Grosso , Mato Grosso do Sul , Minas Gerais , Paraná , Rio de Janeiro , Santa Catarina , São Paulo ). Biology. Oxysarcodexia admixta has been collected from human feces, fish (sardine), mouse and pig carcasses, chicken viscera (especially rotten liver), cow lung, dead marine animals, rotten squid, rotten bananas mixed with brown sugar, rotten bananas with yeast, and rotten Syagrus comosa (Mart.) Mart. (Arecaceae) (a coastal palm species) ( Lopes 1973b ; Dias et al. 1984c ; Mendes & Linhares 1993 ; D’Almeida & Lima 1994 ; Oliveira et al. 2002 ; Rosa et al. 2011 ; Vairo et al. 2011 ; Barbosa et al. 2014 ; Dufek et al. 2016 ; Sousa et al. 2015 , 2016; Souza & Von Zuben 2016 ; Faria et al . 2018 ; Paseto et al. 2019 ). It has been successfully reared from human feces and mouse carcasses ( Lopes 1973b ; D’Almeida 1994) and from a mixture of agar gel and powdered milk with transfer of larvae to meat after 24 h ( Lopes 1973b ). In the LIE laboratory it was reared on minced bovine meat, but larviposition was observed also on rotten fish, with adults emerging after 15–19 days (6 days from first instar to pupa plus 9–13 days until adult emergence). This species has also been found in association with gum exudates of Terminalia argentea Mart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae) , probably attracted by the high concentration of complex carbohydrates present in this resource ( Boff et al. 2008 ). It has been reported from the Brazilian Cerrado ( Rosa et al. 2011 ; Souza & Von Zuben 2016 ; Faria et al . 2018 ), where it is more abundant during the dry period ( Rosa et al. 2011 ; Faria et al . 2018 ; Paseto et al. 2019 ); from ombrophilous forest ( Vairo et al. 2011 ), palm groves ( Sousa et al. 2016 ), urban areas ( Dias et al. 1984c ; Mendes & Linhares 1993 ; D’Almeida & Lima 1994 ; Oliveira et al. 2002 ; Dufek et al. 2016 ), rural and forest areas ( Dias et al. 1984c ; Dufek et al. 2016 ; Paseto et al. 2019 ), and the Atlantic Forest (Souza, unpublished). In the Brazilian state of Maranhão , O. admixta was classified as accidental and rare ( Sousa et al. 2015 ). Dufek et al. (2016) , in a study carried out in Argentinean wetlands, considered this species as having a preference for human settlements. Type material examined. Holotype ♂ : INS.OSW.CRUZ A . [unreadable number]-10.703 / Typus / EuH:119 / 1RAV.6-1-983 [ Brazil ] Angra dos Reis / Sarcophaga admixta Lopes H.S. Lopes-DET4-933 / admixta [ MNRJ ]. Other material examined. [ ♂ ] BRAZIL : São Paulo , Jundiaí , edge of Serra do Japi ; 28.X.2011 ; A . G. Savino [ LIE ] // [ 5 ♂♂ , same label] BRAZIL : São Paulo , Jundiaí , Serra do Japi ; 24.I.2012 ; M. D. Grella [ LIE ] // [ 2 ♂♂ , same label] Oxysarcodexia admixta / “Campininha”, Mogi Guaçu, SP , Brasil ; 14/10/2013 ; Isca : Carne moída; Smania et al. [ LIE ] // [ ♂ ] Oxysarcodexia admixta / Campinas, SP ; III/2012 ; Brancoli DL [ LIE ] // [ ♂ ] Est. Exp. Loreto 1936. V.27 Dr. A . Ogloblin / Oxysarcodexia admixta ( Lopes, 1933 ) S. Lopes. Det [ MNRJ ] .