A revision of the genus Malus Mill. (Rosaceae) Author Liu, Jian-quan liujq@lzu.edu.cn Author Gao, Xin-fen Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China. School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. xfgao@cib.ac.cn text European Journal of Taxonomy 2022 2022-12-28 853 1 127 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.853.2019 journal article 222443 10.5852/ejt.2022.853.2019 aedbf741-3844-4f1b-9c45-5504394416a9 2118-9773 7501371 10 . Malus toringoides (Rehder) Hughes , nom. cons. Figs 27–28 Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 6: 205 ( Hughes 1920 ) , nom. cons. Malus transitoria var. toringoides Rehder , Plantae Wilsonianae Vol. 2 (2) : 286 ( Rehder 1915 ) . – Pyrus transitoria var. toringoides (Rehder) L.H.Bailey , Rhodora 18: 155 ( Bailey 1916a ). – Pyrus toringoides (Rehder) Osborn , The Gardeners’ Chronicle, Ser. 3 73: 89, fig. 42 ( Osborn 1923 ). – Sinomalus toringoides (Rehder) Koidz., Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 1 (1): 11 ( Koidzumi 1932 ) . – Type : CHINA • Szechuan , Kangding , west of Tachien-lu ; alt. 3300 m ; Oct. 1904 ; E.H. Wilson 1285 ; holotype : A [ A00020423 ]!; isotype: US[US00097450]! Pyrus bhutanica W.W.Sm. , Records of the Botanical Survey of India 4: 265 ( Smith 1911 ) . – Malus bhutanica (W.W.Sm.) J.B.Phipps , Edinburgh Journal of Botany 51 (1): 100 ( Phipps 1994 ) . – Type : BHUTAN (actually from Tibet , CHINA ) • Lalung Gumpa ; 27 Jun. 1906 ; J.C. White s.n. ; type: K [ K000758452 , K000758453 ]! Examined specimens CHINA – Gansu • Lanzhou ; 15 Nov. 1920 ; fr; Anonymous 6021 ; P , TIE • T’ao River basin ; Jun. 1925 ; st; J.F. Rock 12478 ; IBSC • ibid.; Jul. 1925 ; fr; J.F. Rock 13133 ; IBSC • Gannan ; 9 May 1957 ; fl; P. Zhang & L.F. Qi 915 ; PE • Zhengning ; 10 Aug. 1991 ; fr; L.P. Liu 910065 ; QYTC . – Hunan • Mangshan ; 10 Aug. 1957 ; fr; L.H. 926 ; PE . – Qinghai • Huzhu ; 28 Jul. 1992 ; fr; G.X. Liu s.n .; PE [ 00953998 ] . – Sichuan • Luhuo ; 25 Jun. 1974 ; fl, fr; Q.S. Zhao , Y.H. Guo & Z.M. Tan 111266 ; PE • Xikang ; 12 Jul. 1951 ; fr; Y.W. Cui 4349 ; PE • Aba ; 2 Oct. 1957 ; fr; X. Li 74941 ; PE , IBSC , KUN , NAS , SZ • Xiaojin ; 2 Aug. 1958 ; fr; X.S. Zhang & Y.X. Ren 6397 ; PE • Lixian ; 13 Jun. 1959 ; fl; S. Jiang et al. 00773 ; PE • Xinlong ; 25 Aug. 2006 ; fr; D.E. Boufford et al. 37290 ; PE • ibid.; 25 Aug. 2006 ; fr; D.E. Boufford et al. 37284 ; PE • Maoxian & Lixian; 1952; fl; T. He & Z.L. Zhou 14048 ; PE • Hongyuan ; 24 Aug. 1983 ; fr; Z.X. Tang 1785 ; PE • Suining ; 2 Aug. 1974 ; fr; Sichuan Zhibei Team 5838 ; CDBI . – Tibet • Jiangda ; 1 Jun. 1974 ; fr; Sichuan Zhibei Team 6996 ; CDBI , PE • Lhasa ; 26 May 1975 ; fl; Qinggan Expedition 75-84 ; PE • ibid.; 10 Sep. 1965 ; fr; Y.T. Zhang & K.Y. Lang 2685 ; PE • Changdu ; 7 May 1976 ; fl; Qingzang Team 7679 ; PE • ibid.; 19 Sep. 2008 ; D.C. Zhang et al. ZhangDC-07ZX-1293 ; KUN • Linzhi ; 23 Sep. 2009 ; fr; H. Sun et al. SunH-07ZX-2546 ; KUN • Mangkang ; 12 Sep. 2008 ; fr; T. Zhang et al. 08CS650 ; KUN . Fig. 27. Distribution of Malus toringoides (Rehder) Hughes. Fig. 28. Morphological characters of Malus toringoides (Rehder) Hughes. A 00020423 (holotype of M. transitoria var. toringoides Rehder ), QIN05060, QIN05061, US00097450 (isotype), K000758425, P03240524, P03240525, P03240527, KUN0662723, KUN0662724, KUN0662725, K000758452 (type of M. bhutanica (W.W.Sm.) J.B.Phipps ), K000758453 (type of M. bhutanica ), PE00927493 ( M. bhutanica ). Scale bars = 10 mm. UNITED STATES – Massachusetts • Arnold Arboretum ; 17 Oct. 1973 ; fr; S.Y. Hu 13327 ; IBSC . Description Small tree or shrub, 3‒10 m high. Branches terete, pubescent when young, glabrescent. Leaves petiolate, petiole ca 1.8‒2.9 cm long, puberulous. Lamina 3.9‒6.8 × 1.5‒3.6 cm , elliptic to ovate, base rounded, cordate or cuneate, equilateral, apex obtuse or retuse, margin crenate, blade piliferous, pubescent on midvein, usually 3-lobed or divided, sometimes unlobed. Inflorescence umbelliform corymb, with 3‒6 flowers. Pedicel ca 2.0 cm long, puberulous. Hypanthium puberulous. Sepals lanceolate-triangular or narrow-triangular, abaxially puberulous, adaxially densely puberulous, caducous, rarely persistent. Petals ca 0.7‒0.9 × 0.5‒0.7 cm , white, obovate, puberulous or glabrous. Stamens ca 20, unequal. Styles 3, rarely 4 or 5, shorter than stamens, glabrous. Pome ca 1.0‒ 1.3 cm in diameter, ellipsoidal to subglobose, yellow. Carpopodium ca 2.3‒2.8 cm long, puberulous. Phenology Flowers from April to May. Mature fruits in September. Habitat Terrestrial, seasonally green, growing in forests on slopes; 1500‒3700 m a.s.l. Distribution China ( Gansu , Shaanxi , Qinghai , Sichuan , Tibet ) ( Fig. 27 ). Chromosome numbers 2n = 31, 34, 51, 54, 68.