How diverse are coccoid cyanobacteria? A case study of terrestrial habitats from the Atlantic Rainforest (São Paulo, Brazil) Author Jr, Watson Arantes Gama Institute of Botany, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ficologia, C. P. 3005, 1031 - 970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil & E-mail: watsonarantes @ gmail. com (corresponding author) Author Iv, Haywood Dail Laughinghouse Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA & Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA Author Sant’Anna, Célia Leite Institute of Botany, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ficologia, C. P. 3005, 1031 - 970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil text Phytotaxa 2014 2014-09-12 178 2 61 97 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.178.2.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.178.2.1 1179-3163 5145178 Aphanothece cf. microscopica Nägeli (1849: 59) ( Figs. 1H–1I ). Round colonies, 24.6–77.8 µm diam., sub-colonies often present, 8.0–12.7 µm diam. Sheath firm, hyaline, conspicuous. Cells sparsely to densely disposed, cylindrical, rarely ellipsoid, 3.1–6.0(7.2) × 1.7–2.9 µm, 1.8–2.0 times longer than wide. Cell content slightly granulated, intense blue-green. Habitat: —Waterlogged soil covered by vegetation. Notes: —The studied specimens have a cell length smaller than what is proposed by Komárek & Anagnostidis (1998) . Furthermore, the habitat of Aphanothece microscopica is a little different (moorland freshwater). However, Desikachary (1959) reported the occurrence of A. microscopica in waterlogged soils from India , and Wille (1914) found this species among mosses. Studied material: — BRAZIL . São Paulo : Cananéia , State Park of “Ilha do Cardoso” ( Perequê ), 25º 4’ 8” S , 47º 55’ 12.24” W , 29 June 2010 , W.A. Gama-Jr. & C.F.S. Malone (SP 401439) .