Neopestalotiopsis vitis sp. nov. causing grapevine leaf spot in China Author Jayawardena, Ruvishika S. Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China & Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Author Liu, Mei Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China Author Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N. Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, People’s Republic of China Author Zhang, Wei Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China Author Xing, Qikai Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China Author Hyde, Kevin D. Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand & Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China Author Nilthong, Somrudee Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Author Li, Xinghong Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China Author Yan, Jiye Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China text Phytotaxa 2016 2016-04-26 258 1 63 74 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.258.1.4 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.258.1.4 1179-3163 13673878 Neopestalotiopsis vitis Jayawardena, Maharachch., Yan, Li & K. D. Hyde , sp. nov. Index Fungorum No: IF551766 Facesoffungi number : FoF 01110 Fig. 2 . Etymology: based on the host species, from which the fungus was frequently isolated. Holotype : MFU15–3563 . Pathogen on leaves, fruits and shoots ( Jayawardena et al. 2015 ). Conidiomata pycnidial in culture on PDA, globose to oval, solitary or aggregated in clusters, semi-immersed, black, 120–550 μm diam; exuding globose, black, glistening, conidial masses. Conidiophores indistinct, often reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells discrete, fusiform, hyaline, cylindrical to subcylindrical or ampulliform to lageniform, rugose-walled, simple, 2–11× 1–5 μm, apex 1–2 μm diam. Conidia fusoid, ellipsoid, straight to slightly curved, 4-septate, (20–) 22–28 (–29) × (5–) 6–9.8 (–10.7) μm, x ±SD = 24.7±1.4 × 7.7±0.9 μm (n = 40), L/W ratio = 3.2, basal cell conic to acute with a truncate base, hyaline, rugose, thin-walled, 3–7 μm long, three-median cells, doliform, (13–) 14–18 (–19) μm long, x ±SD =16.2±0.9 μm, wall rugose, versicoloured, septa darker than the rest of the cell, somewhat constricted at the septa; second cell from base pale brown to olivaceous, 4.3–7.3 μm long; third cell olivaceous to darker brown, 4.1–7.6 μm long; fourth cell brown, 3.8–6.8 μm long; apical cell 2.5–4.8 μm long, hyaline, cylindrical to subcylindrical, thin and smooth walled, with 2–4 tubular apical appendages (mostly 3), arising from the apical crest, flexuous, unbranched, (14–) 19–38.6 (–43) μm long, x ±SD =24.2±4.5 μm, basal appendage 1–2, tubular, unbranched, centric, 2.2–7.2 μm long. FIGURE 4. Phylogram generated from bayesian analysis with corresponding posterior probabilities (PP) and Maximum parsimony bootstrap support (MP). Parsimony bootstrap support values greater than 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities above 70% are indicated above the nodes. Ex-type strains are in bold; new isolates are in purple. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. The tree is rooted with Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola (OP068). Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA reaching 50–60mm in diam. after 7 d at 25 °C, with lobate edge, whitish to pale honey coloured, with dense aerial mycelium on the surface with black, concentric conidiomata, reverse pale yellow. Habitat: On Vitis vinifera. Known distribution: China and India . Material examined:— CHINA . GuangXi Province : WuMing City , Pathogenic on leaves of Vitis vinifera cv. Summer Black , 18 December 2014 , X. H. Li ( MFLU 15–3563 , holotype ), ex-type culture, MFLUCC15-1265 = KUMCC15- 0525 ; ibid cultures MFLUCC 15-1266 , 15-1267 , 15-1268 , 15-1269 , 15-1270 , 15-1271 , 15-1272 , 15-1273 , 15-1274 ; ICMP 20418 , 20417 , 20412 . Notes : Neopestalotiopsis vitis is morphologically similar to its sister taxon N. australis . Conidiogenous cells of N. vitis are cylindrical to subcylindrical or ampuliform to lageniform and smaller (2–11 × 1–5 μm), while the conidiogenous cells of N. australis are ampuliform to lageniform and are larger (5–12 × 2–7 μm). Neopestalotiopsis australis has a single unbranched, centric basal appendage, while N. vitis has 1–2 unbranched, centric basal appendages. The apical cell of N. vitis conidia, are smaller (2.5–4.8 μm long) than the apical cell of N. australis conidia (3–6 μm long). Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca is phylogenetically closely related to N. australis ( Crous et al. 2015 ) . However, this species differs from N. vitis by having larger conidiogenous cells (15–25 × 3–5 μm). Also, conidia of N. vitis are wider than those of N. egyptiaca . No additional isolates of N. australis are available to compare the morphological character variability. Based on the precedent set by Maharachchikumbura et al. (2014) for the species recognition of this genus comparing morphology and available gene sequence data we determined the species are to be distinct.