An overlooked diversity-the Costellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea
Author
Harzhauser, Mathias
0000-0002-4471-6655
mathias.harzhauser@nhm-wien.ac.at
Author
Landau, Bernard
0000-0002-4471-6655
mathias.harzhauser@nhm-wien.ac.at
text
Zootaxa
2021
2021-06-09
4982
1
1
70
journal article
5925
10.11646/zootaxa.4982.1.1
f68b381d-d0dd-44e2-b9fe-6cf3c1aab1fa
1175-5326
4921842
58388FB8-128A-4381-83D1-3C508D0D3873
Tosapusia pseudocupressina
(
Bałuk, 1997
)
nov. comb.
Figs 4O
,
19E
1
–E
2
, F
1
–F
2
, G
1
–G
2
, H
1
–H
2
[
Mitra
]
cupressina
Brcch.
—
Hauer 1837: 417
[
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
[
Mitra
]
cupressina
[Brocc.]—
Hörnes 1848: 16
[
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Mitra cupressina
Brocc.
—
Hörnes 1852b: 104
, pl. 10, figs 25–27 [
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
[
Mitra
]
cupressina
Brocc.
—
Auinger 1871: 8
[
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Callithea cupressina
Brocc.
—Hoernes 1880: 125 [
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Mitra
(
Callithea
)
cupressina
Brocc.
—
Hoernes & Auinger 1880: 86
, pl. 10, figs 10a–b [
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Mitra
(
Callithea
)
cupressina
Brocc.
—
Schaffer 1908: 100
, pl.10, fig. 19 [
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Turricula
(
Uromitra
)
cupressina
Brocc.
—
Friedberg 1911: 29
, pl. 1, fig. 22 [
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Turricula cupressina
Brocc.
—Friedberg 1928: 580, pl. 37, fig. 29 [
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Vexillum
(
Vexillum
)
cupressinum
Brocchi
—
Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 414
[
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Vexillum
(
Uromitra
)
cupressinum
(Brocc.)
—
Sieber 1956: 244
[
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
V
[
exillum
]. (
U
[
romitra
].)
cupressinum
(Brocchi)
—
Sieber 1958a: 153
[
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Vexillum
(
Uromitra
)
cupressinum
(Brocc.)
—
Sieber 1958b: 149
[
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Vexillum
(
Uromitra
)
cupressinum
(
Brocchi, 1814
)
—Kojumdgieva
in
Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 161
, pl. 42, fig. 12 [
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Vexillum
(
Uromitra
)
cupressinum
Brocc.
—
Florei 1961: 686
, pl. 9, fig. 69 [
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Mitra
(
Vexillum
)
cupressina
Brocchi, 1814
—
Strausz 1966: 369
, pl. 25, figs 4–5 [
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Vexillum
(
Vexillum) cupressinum
Brocchi
—
Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 30
, pl. 14, fig. 7 [
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
*
Vexillum
(
Uromitra
)
pseudocupressinum
nom. n.
—
Bałuk 1997: 37
, pl. 11, fig. 3.
Vexillum
(
Uromitra
)
cupressinum
(Brocchi)
—
Schultz 1998: 70
, pl. 28, figs 6a–b [
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Vexillum
(
Uromitra
)
cupresianum
[sic] (Brocchi)—
Tiţă 2007: 548
, fig. 5c [
non
Brocchi, 1814
].
Type material.
Holotype
.
NHMW 1846
/0037/0103, SL:
42.7 mm
, MD:
13.5 mm
,
Baden
(
Austria
), illustrated in
Hörnes (1852b
, pl. 10, fig. 25), figs 19G
1
–G
2
.
Additional material.
NHMW 2020
/0090/0001, SL:
38.1 mm
, MD:
11.5 mm
,
Baden
(
Austria
)
, illustrated in
Hörnes (1852b
, pl. 10, fig. 26), figs 19F
1
–F
2
;
NHMW 2020
/0091/0001, SL:
34.9 mm
, MD:
9.3 mm
,
Möllersdorf
(
Austria
)
, figs 19E
1
–E
2
;
NHMW 1870
/0033/0037, SL:
27.7 mm
, MD:
7.8 mm
,
Lăpugiu de Sus
(
Romania
)
; figs 19H
1
–H
2
;
NHMW 2020
/0091/0002, SL:
23.8 mm
, MD:
6.5 mm
,
Möllersdorf
(
Austria
)
, illustrated in
Hörnes (1852b
, pl. 10, fig. 27);
NHMW 2020
/0091/0003,
8 specimens
,
Möllersdorf
(
Austria
)
;
NHMW 2020
/0091/0004, SL:
31.8 mm
, MD: 10.0 mm,
Möllersdorf
(
Austria
)
, illustrated in
Hoernes & Auinger (1880
, pl. 10, figs 10a–b);
NHMW 1862
/0001/0250,
17 spec.
,
Möllersdorf
(
Austria
)
;
NHMW 1846
/0037/0103,
Vienna
/
Grinzing
(
Austria
)
;
NNHM 2020
/0092/0001 (= A1562),
5 specimens
,
Baden-Sooss
(
Austria
)
;
NHMW 1969
/0001/0023,
25 specimens
,
Bad
Vöslau (
Austria
)
;
NHMW 1846
/0037/0104,
24 specimens
,
Baden
(
Austria
)
;
NNHM 1866
/0001/0631,
13 specimens
,
Baden-Sooss
(
Austria
)
;
NHMW 1853
/0003/0089,
Forchtenau
(
Austria
)
;
NHMW 1862
/0029/0008,
Rudice
(
Czech Republic
)
;
NHMW 1854
/0035/0095,
45 specimens
,
Lăpugiu de Sus
(
Romania
)
, fig. 4O;
NHMW 1870
/0033/0037,
17 specimens
,
Lăpugiu de Sus
(
Romania
)
;
NHMW 1867
/0019/0035,
4 specimens
,
Coşteiu de Sus
(
Romania
)
.
Revised description.
Shell large, slender fusiform, with deeply incised suture. Protoconch (fig. 4O) high conical, of three smooth, convex whorls (height: 820 μm, diameter: 620 μm). Teleoconch of ten weakly convex to subcylindric whorls. Last whorl moderately convex, slowly contracting into high base. Some specimens with weak shoulder and faint angulation close below adapical suture, especially on penultimate and last whorls. Sculpture on spire whorls consisting of close-set, prominent, weakly opisthocline rounded axial ribs, separated by slightly narrower interspaces, crossed by close-set spiral cords, separated by narrow grooves, forming indistinct nodules at intersections with ribs, and distinct, flat cords in axial interspaces (about 20 axial ribs on penultimate whorl). Axial ribs crossed by subsutural spiral groove, delimiting weak subsutural band, most prominent on early teleoconch whorls. Subsutural band often disintegrating into narrow spiral cords during growth. Axial ribs slightly more widely spaced on last three whorls. Axial and spiral sculpture often reduced on last whorl. Spiral cords more wide-spaced on base and fasciole. Aperture narrow, elongate; columellar callus narrow, weakly delimited, bearing four prominent columellar folds, weakening abapically. Outer lip thin, without lirae in adult specimens; delicate lirae deep inside aperture only in subadult specimens. Siphonal canal long, moderately narrow, straight, with shallow siphonal notch.
Shell measurements and ratios.
SL: 20.1–42.0 mm, MD:
5.8–12.8 mm
; AA: 25–35°, SL/MD: 3.3–3.6, AL/ AW: 5.0–5.8, AH/S: 1.9–2.1.
Discussion.
This species was identified as
Vexillum cupressinum
(
Brocchi, 1814
)
by all authors dealing with Paratethyan mollusc faunas until
Bałuk (1997)
separated it as
Vexillum pseudocupressinum
.
Bałuk (1997)
stressed the more densely spaced axial ribs and higher number of spiral cords being restricted to the axial interspaces.
Landau
et al.
(2013)
doubted if these features justify a separation, referring to the high variability in sculpture in late Miocene and Pliocene populations of
Tosapusia cupressina
, as documented by
Pelosio (1967)
,
Malatesta (1974)
,
Davoli (2000)
,
Chirli (2002)
and
Chirli & Richard (2008)
. After having studied a large number of Paratethyan specimens, we agree with
Bałuk (1997)
. Despite the variability of
T. cupressina
, it differs constantly by its lower number of axial ribs (especially on early spire whorls). Its spiral cords are less numerous and form a cancellate or nodulous pattern with the axials ribs, lacking the deeply cut grooves seen in the axial interspaces in
T. pseudocupressina
. Moreover, the Paratethyan species is nearly twice as large as
T. cupressina
and it lacks the twisted siphonal canal of the Pliocene species. Note that the specimen illustrated by
Hoernes & Auinger (1880
, pl. 10, fig. 10) with strongly deflected siphonal canal is a pathological specimen with healed fractures.
Palaeoenvironment.
The species is most abundant in clay of the Baden Formation suggesting middle neritic settings with up to
250 m
water depth (
Hohenegger
et al
. 2008
).
Distribution in Central Paratethys.
Badenian (middle Miocene):
Korytnica Basin
: Korytnica (
Poland
) (
Bałuk 1997
);
Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin
: Dryszczów (
Nadrichne
) (
Ukraine
), Żukowce (Zhukivtsi) (
Friedberg 1911
);
Vienna
Basin
: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Möllersdorf, Steinebrunn,
Vienna
/Grinzing (
Austria
), Rudice (
Czech Republic
) (
Hoernes & Auinger 1880
;
Sieber 1958b
);
Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin
: Forchtenau (
Sieber 1956
);
Făget Basin
: Coşteiu de Sus (
Boettger 1906
);
Pannonian Basin
: Szob (
Hungary
) (
Strausz 1966
);
Bükk Mountains
(
Hungary
) (
Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972
);
Făget Basin
: Lăpugiu de Sus, Coşteiu de Sus (
Romania
) (
Hoernes & Auinger 1880
);
Transylvanian Basin
: Zorlentul-Mare (
Romania
) (
Florei 1961
);
Southern Carpathians
: Bahna (
Romania
) (
Tiţă 2007
);
Dacian Basin
: Opanec, Orehovica (
Bulgaria
) (Kojumdgieva
in
Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960
).