Calcareous sponges of the Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea Author Van, Rob W. M. Author De, Nicole J. text Zootaxa 2018 2018-06-01 4426 1 1 160 journal article 29979 10.11646/zootaxa.4426.1.1 cdd567ed-ebd8-4801-a6a4-af6c9fb964fd 1175-5326 1271239 18929E20-5296-4458-8A8A-4F5316A290FD Amphoriscus semoni Breitfuss, 1896 Figs 80a–e , 81a–d Amphorisus semoni Breitfuss, 1896 : 435 ; Breitfuss 1898: 221; Van Soest & De Voogd 2015: 93, figs 68a–f. Material examined. ZMA Por. 10527, Seychelles , NE of Aride Island , 4.1667°S 55.7333°E , depth 55 m , Agassiz trawl, coll. R.W.M. van Soest , field nr . NIOP-E stat. 714/ 01, 19 December 1992. Description. The sample consists of a dozen small thin tubes ( Fig. 80a ), which are mostly loose, but two tubes are attached together to a small stone. It is likely the tubes were in contact on the substratum. Live color reported as white, in alcohol they become beige. Size of individual tubes 1–3 cm high, 5–9 mm in diameter. Apical oscules naked. Consistency soft. Aquiferous system . Syconoid. Skeleton. ( Figs 80b–e ) Inarticulate ( Fig. 80b ). The cortical skeleton ( Figs 80c–d ) is formed by the unpaired and paired actines of giant tetractines. The apical actines of the ectosomal tetractines form the choanosomal skeleton together with the unpaired actines of subatrial sagittal triactines. The subatrial skeleton is formed by the paired actines of sagittal triactines and all actines of smaller triactines. The atrial skeleton ( Fig. 80e ) is formed by small tetractines, the apical actines of which protrude into the atrial lumen. Spicules. ( Figs 81a–d ) Giant tetractines, triactines, small tetractines. Giant tetractines ( Fig. 81a ), with straight or curved actines of rather variable length and thickness, unpaired actines 162– 264 –487 x 12 – 20.1 –31 µm, paired actines 210– 336 –552 x 12 – 21.1 –29 µm, apical actines 239– 425 –882 x 13 – 21.8 –31 µm. Triactines ( Figs 81b–c ), divisible in overlapping larger and smaller spicules: Large triactines ( Fig. 81b ), sagittal, usually with unpaired actines slighty shorter; unpaired actines 200– 266 –342 x 13 – 14.8 –18 µm, paired actines 279– 309 –336 ≈ 12– 13.3 –15 µm. Small triactines ( Fig. 81c ), slightly sagittal, unpaired actines 48– 137 –180 x 7 – 9.4 –14 µm, paired actines 88– 178 –246 x 6 – 8.8 –11 µm. FIGURE 80. Amphoriscus semoni Breitfuss, 1896 , ZMA Por. 10527 from the Seychelles, a, habitus of group of individuals (scale bar = 1 cm), b–e, SEM images of skeleton, b, cros section of body wall, c, overview from above of peripheral skeleton, d, detail of peripheral skeleton, e, overview from above of atrial skeleton. Small tetractines ( Figs 81d ), sagittal, often with curved or wobbly paired actines; unpaired actines 81– 150 –241 x 7 – 9.4 –11 µm, paired actines 121– 214 –269 x 7 – 9.8 –12 µm, apical actines 15– 54 – 94 x 3 – 5.2 –7 µm. Distribution and ecology. Indonesia , Seychelles , shallow-water down to 55 m . Remarks. We assign this material to the Indonesian species A. semoni because of overall similarity with recently described material (cf. Van Soest & De Voogd 2015). However, there are several discrepancies: the tubes of the Indonesian ZMA Por. 0 8073 were described as green in life, and they also appeared slightly different in shape as their diameter gradually narrowed down towards the substratum, whereas our present specimens were white in life and and remain cylindrical over most of their length. The apical actines of the giant tetractines of the Indonesian specimens penetrated through the atrial wall, which we do not observe in the present specimens. We consider these differences as minor and subject to variation. FIGURE 81 . Amphoriscus semoni Breitfuss, 1896 , ZMA Por. 10527, SEM images of the spicules, a, giant tetractines, b, giant triactine, c, subatrial triactine, d, atrial tetractines. The South African Amphoriscus kryptoraphis Urban, 1908 , from deeper water ( 155 m ) differs from the above a.o. by the possession of trichoxeas. Unfortunately, our attempt to obtain partial 28S sequences failed.