The morphology of the preimaginal stages of Choreutis muhabbet Koçak, 2008 (Choreutidae, Lepidoptera) Author Bąkowski, Marek Department of Systematic Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61 - 614, Poland Author Kemal, Muhabbet Yüzüncü Yýl Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Kampus, Van / Türkiye text Zootaxa 2024 2024-05-21 5453 3 395 402 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5453.3.7 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5453.3.7 1175-5326 11234272 90C4CDB0-A251-4142-9ED7-FA6EC4DF4ECB Last instar larva ( Fig. 1A–F , 2A–F ): 11−12 mm in length. Pale green, with amber or yellow head capsule, pinacula distinctly marked, brown–black, well developed. Head ( Figs. 1A, B ; 2A,B ). Semiprognathous. Five stemmata arranged in L shape, with stemma II slightly diverged, stemmata III−V nearly in a line. Stemmata I–V more or less oval, similar in size, with gaps between stemmata I–II, stemma VI not visible. S1 between stemmata I and III. Adfrontals area clearly indicated, usually narrow. Frontoclypeus triangular in shape. AF2 distinct and situated at about level of frons apex, seta C2 distinctly posterior to anterior margin of postclypeus, F1 longer than AF2. Setae MD1, MD2 and MD3 very small, arranged in a straight line. Seta P2 long, situated dorsally to P1. P1 at about level of frons apex, distinctly longer than P2. A2 more dorsal than line joining A3 and A1; seta A2 slightly closer to A3 than A1, L1 posteroventral to A3. Setae C1 and C2 distinctly smaller than F1. S1 is between stemma I and III. Seta SS1 below stemma V. Seta SS1 anteroventral to SS2, SS3 posteroventral to SS2. Labrum ( Fig. 1C ). Lateral margins rounded, in the middle part a distinct incision. Five setae are visible, two in the middle part, and three in the lateral side. Epipharyngeal surface armed with three strong sensory “teeth”. Mandibulae ( Fig. 1D ). Teeth II–IV large and well developed, rounded or blunted. Teeth I and V oval, distinctly smaller than rest. The furrows on the mesal side present. Dorsal side with setae M1 and M2; M2 distinctly shorter than M1. Thorax ( Fig. 1F ). T1 : Setae D1 and XD1 occurring at the similar level. Seta D2 posterior to and slightly dorsal to XD2; SD1 ventral to and slightly posterior to XD2, SD2 ventral to D2. Setae SD1 and XD1 equally long, D2 distinctly longer. SD1 and SD2 occurring at the similar level. L1 ventral to middle of L2 and L3 arranged in a straight horizontal line, L2 and L3 long setae, L3 distinctly shorter. Spiracle small and posterior to L3. Setae L1–3 located in the middle of segment I, on common oval shaped pinaculum. SV-group bisetose. Setae SV1 and SV2 as long as L2 and L1; setae SV1 and SV2 located on common elongated pinaculum, both setae more or less equal in length, SV1 posterior to SV2, V1 close to ventral meson, slightly ventral and posterior to thoracic leg. FIGURE 1. Larva of Choreutis muhabbet . A. Head capsule—Frontal view, B. Head capsule—Lateral view, C. Labium, D. Mandible, E. Dorsal view of eight to tenth abdominal segments F. Setal map of thorax (T1–3) and abdomen (A1–A9) segments. Scale bar: 0.2 mm. T2–T3 segments. TII and TIII with D1 and D2 on common elongated pinaculum on mesothorax and metathorax. D2 and D1 more or less equal in length; L3 posterodorsal to L2. SD2 and SD1 on common elongated pinaculum on meso- and metathorax. Setae D1, D2 and SD1, SD2 more or less equal in length. Setae L1 and L2 on common pinaculum. SV-group unisetose, SV1 more or less equal in length to L2, proprioceptors MV1–3 not visible. FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Choreutis muhabbet : A. Head—dorsal view, B. Head—ventral view, C. Last abdominal segments, D. Prothoracic leg, E. Abdominal leg, F. Crochets on an larval proleg. Abdomen: A1–2 segments. D2 ventral and posteriori to D1, D1 more or less equal in length to D2. SD1 on a separated pinaculum, SD2 reduced. L1 posterior to L2 and sharing pinaculum with L2, L1 above L2, L2 similar in length to L1; A1 with SV-group sharing pinaculum, having two setae; on A2−6, SV trisetose. A3–6 segments. Arrangement of D group and SD1, L1 and L2 the same as on A1–2 segments. SV3, SV1 and SV2 sharing pinaculum. A7: Arrangement of setae D group, SD and L group similar to that of previous segment. A8: D2 located ventrally and posteriorly to D1; SD1 present. L2 and L1 sharing pinaculum. Spiracle invisible. L3 located ventrally to L2; from SV group only seta SV1 is present. L3 shorter than SV1. FIGURE 3. Pupa of Choreutis muhabbet . A. Labium and vicinity; B. Meso and metathorax; C. Spines on abdominal segments dorsally; D. Abdominal end ventrally. E. Abdominal end dorsally. Scale bar: 0.2 mm. A9: Setae D2, SD1, L2, L1, L3, SV1 and V1 arranged in a vertical line. D2 on separate pinacula, D1 not present, SD1 on a partly separated pinaculum, below them L1 and L2 sharing pinaculum. L1 slightly longer than SD1. Seta L2 located slightly closer to SD1 than to L1, L2 more or less equal in length to SV1. A10 ( Fig. 1E ): Anal shield rounded, more sclerotized, posteriorly with D1, D2, SD1 and SD2 setae. Crochets of prolegs ( Figs. 2E, F ). The abdominal prolegs are slender, bear uniserial and uniordinal crochets arranged in a mesal pennelipse. The number of crochets on one ventral proleg is from 15 to 20. The number per one row on anal prolegs is from 18 to 20 in the last instar larva. Pupae ( Figs. 3 , 4 ) 5−6 mm in length. Semiliberae. Frons and postclypeus do not bear projections. One pair of the frontal and conspicuously long setae. Frontal setae situated slightly frontad of level of lateral frons angles. Frons with indistinct elongated depressions ( Fig. 4B ). Proboscis long, overlaps mesothoracic legs, almost reaches ends of metathoracic legs. Metathoracic legs visible only apically, beyond mesothoracic legs and maxilla. Prothorax femora visible ( Figs. 3A , 4A ). Antennae curved to medial body region, longer than mesothoracic legs. Maxillary palpi visible and are adjacent to the maxillae. Mandibulae elevated, strongly sclerotized. Labium and labial palpi long and slender. Labrum truncate for a greater distance and with straight or slightly concave sides. Distance between clypeal setae C1 2 approximately 2 times greater than distance between C1 2 and Cl 1 . Seta Cl 2 1.5 times longer than Cl 1 . ( Figs. 3A , 4A, 4C ). Metanotum deeply excised ( Figs. 3B , 4D ). Spines on the 1th and 2nd abdominal segment absent in dorsal view. Prothorax on each side bearing one pair of prothoracic lateral setae and one pair of dorsal setae. Mesothorax on each side with two mesothoracic dorsal setae. Metathorax bearing one metathoracic dorsal seta. Ventral abdominal setae visible. ( Fig. 4D ). Middle abdominal segments without pits, only with transverse row of small spines dorsally ( Figs. 3B , 4D ). Cremaster on A10 with one pair of short hooked dorsal spines. Cremaster short, roundly conic, smooth ( Fig. 3D–E ).