Phylogenetic relationships of the comb-footed spider subfamily Spintharinae (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae), with generic diagnoses and a key to the genera
Author
Durán-Barrón, César G.
Author
Rosas, María V.
Author
Contreras-Ramos, Atilano
text
Zootaxa
2013
3666
2
171
193
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.4
9480efc9-eaad-47c7-a254-dad7c5365b44
1175-5326
221915
FE211811-36E2-4A22-A55B-6E080E5CEC1D
Episinus
Walckenaer
, in Latreille, 1809
(
Fig. 8
D–F)
Walckenaer, in Latreille, 1809. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum, vol. 4, p. 371.
Type
species by monotypy:
E
.
truncates
Latreille, 1809
, ibid.
Diagnosis.
The opisthosoma is straight in relation to the location of the pedicel while in all other spintharine genera it is inclined. Also, the posterior portion of the opisthosoma is widest in dorsal view (
Fig. 8
D–E), while in the remaining genera the widest portion is anterior or in the middle. An “H”-like architecture of the web is shared with
Thwaitesia
and
Spintharus
. Levi (1954a, 1964a) included the characters horns between the anterior eyes, eyes often on tubercles, and eyes with reddish pigment, as diagnostic characters, all of which we could not observe in the specimens examined.
Distribution.
Worldwide, mainly in warmer areas; relatively species rich in North, Central, and South
America
, poorly known from the Caribbean (Platnick 2013).
Material examined.
Episius
amoenus
:
MEXICO
, Hidalgo,
10–20 miles
south of Jacala,
20 July 1956
, V. Roth & W. Gertsch, 1 3 (AMNH).
U. S. A.
, North Carolina, Buncombe County, Valley 2 1/
2 mi
S of Black Mt.,
2400 m
,
23 June 1951
, A. F. Archer, 1 Ƥ (AMNH).
E. bruneoviridis
:
PANAMA
, C[anal] Zone, Barro Colorado Island,
3–20 April 1953
, A. M. Nadler, 1 Ƥ (AMNH).
E. cognatus
:
MEXICO
, Jalisco, Estación de Biología Chamela,
7 August 1989
, S. Guzmán, 1 3 (CNAN); same data but
16 August 1989
, S. Guzmán, 1 3 (CNAN); same data but
29 October 1989
, S. Guzmán, 1 3 (CNAN); same data but
15 November 1990
, S. Guzmán, 2 3 (CNAN); same data but
15 November 1990
, S. Guzmán, 2 3 (CNAN); same data but 0
2 June 1998
, J. L. Castelo, 2 Ƥ, 3 3 (CNAN); same data but 0
2 September 1998
, S. Guzmán, 1 Ƥ (CNAN); Jalisco, Mpio. La Huerta, Estación de Biología Chamela, Sendero del Tejón,
19.50501° N
,
105.08326° W
,
3 October 2010
, R. Paredes, G. Montiel- Parra, D. Barrales, G. Contreras, 1 Ƥ (CNAN); same data but
4 October 2010
, R. Paredes, G. Montiel-Parra, D. Barrales, G. Contreras, 1 Ƥ [diurnal collecting] (CNAN).
E. erythrophthalmus
:
PANAMA
, Canal Zone, Forest Reserve,
4–6 July 1939
, A. M. Chickering, 1 Ƥ, 1 3 (AMNH).