Supplementary Materials and Appendix Author Zhang, Jing McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA Author Cong, Qian McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA Author Grishin, Nick V. Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA text Insecta Mundi 2023 2023-12-29 2023 26 1 115 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10396362 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.10396362 1942-1354 Rigga isa Grishin , new species https://zoobank.org/ 82DE66CF-AF62-4C68-9D1F-3ABCEBCFD07E ( Fig. 7 part, 187–188, 423–424) Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal that specimens from Ecuador similar in appearance to Rigga auristriga (Draudt, 1923) (type locality in Bolivia , holotype sequenced as NVG-18093C02) are not monophyletic with it and show prominent genetic differentiation from it ( Fig. 7 ): e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 5.5% (36 bp), and therefore represent a new species. This new species is sister to Rigga ira (A. Butler, 1870) (type locality not given, possibly in Venezuela ) and differs from it by 3.2% (21 bp) in the COI barcode. The hindwing of the new species is uniformly colored above, lacking yellow rays of R. ira , ventral hindwing veins are overscaled with approximately uniform thickness (except M 2 , which is weaker), and there is no appearance of a ray along the radius and vein M 1 as in R. ira . The new species differs from R. auristriga , which frequently has similar uniform overscaling of veins, by wider forewing spots and wider lower section of stigma. This species is not cryptic and is diagnosed reliably by phenotype. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly2284.14.4:G85C, aly4778.18.1:C946T, aly4778.18.1:T1398C, aly1937.17.47:C39A, aly1019.14.1:A84T, and COI barcode: A100G, C343A, T397C, T463C, T556C. Barcode sequence of the holotype . Sample NVG-19019G06, GenBank OR837708, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGTATTTGAGCAGGTATATTAGGAACTTCTTTAAGTATACTAATTCGAACAGAATTAGGTAACCCAGGATCTTTAATT GGGGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTTACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGTAATT GATTAGTCCCCCTTATACTAGGAGCCCCAGATATAGCTTTCCCACGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGAATGCTTCCCCCTTCTTTAACACTTTTAAT TTCTAGAAGAATTGTTGAAAATGGAGCAGGTACTGGTTGAACAGTTTACCCACCTCTTTCTTCTAATATTGCCCACCAAGGTTCTTCTGTTGATTTA GCAATTTTCTCCCTTCATTTAGCAGGTATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACAATTATTAACATACGAGTTAGAAATTTATCAT TTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGATCAGTAGGTATTACAGCATTATTATTACTTTTATCTTTACCTGTCTTAGCAGGAGCTATTACTATACTTCT TACAGATCGAAATTTAAATACTTCTTTTTTTGACCCTGCTGGAGGAGGAGACCCAATTTTATACCAACATTTATTT Type material. Holotype : ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution , Washington, DC , USA ( USNM ), illustrated in Fig. 187–188 , bears the following five rectangular labels, four white: [ ECUADOR Napo | Baeza 2000m | 6 July ’80 | S. S. Nicolay ], [ Parphorus | hesia ♂ | Det. Hew. | S.S. Nicolay ], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-19019G06 | c/o Nick V . Grishin ], [USNMENT | { QR Code } | 01532617], and one red [ HOLOTYPE ♂ | Rigga isa | Grishin ] . Paratype : 1♀ NVG-21047G03 Ecuador : Napo , El Chaco, 1500 m , Nov-1971 , R . de Lafebre leg. [ MGCL ]. Type locality. Ecuador : Napo Province , Baeza, elevation 2000 m . Etymology. The name is formed from the Greek ίσος (isos), meaning equal. It reflects the equal overscaling of nearly all veins and signifies a more uniform appearance than R. ira and other congeners. The name is a noun in apposition. Distribution. Ecuador .