Checklist and taxonomic changes for Central and South American Philonthina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Author Chani-Posse, Mariana Author Newton, Alfred F. Author Hansen, Aslak Kappel Author Solodovnikov, Alexey text Zootaxa 2018 2018-07-20 4449 1 1 95 journal article 29189 10.11646/zootaxa.4449.1.1 a8aa5ad0-dbcc-4e48-9211-b83b90e0aee7 1175-5326 1454305 0734DC4E-2C9B-4CD2-B8FE-8F94589200E6 Gabrius Stephens 1829 Gabrius Stephens 1829a : 23 , attributed to Leach. Type species: Staphylinus aterrimus ( = Gabrius nigritulus (Gravenhorst 1802)) , designated by Westwood (1838: 16) . Notes: There are 450 valid species of Gabrius distributed worldwide, but only seven of them had been recorded from the Neotropical region prior to this study (Newton unpublished database); that number is increased to 22 here. Among them, 21 species are endemic to this region. This number of species may increase as the poorly known Neotropical fauna is studied and modern revisionary works are conducted for other species-rich genera in the region ( Chani-Posse 2011a ). A recent study ( Chani-Posse et al. 2018 ) shows Gabrius as a paraphyletic genus that includes representatives of Bisnius Stephens in a potential sister-group relationship to the Neotropical lineage. The current concept of the genus is that of Smetana (1995: 603) and Schillhammer (1997) . Gabrius approximans ( Sharp 1885 ) , comb. nov. ( Figs. 25–26 ) Philonthus approximans Sharp 1885 : 428 . Type locality: Panama , Volcan de Chiriqui 4000–6000 ft . Type depository: BMNH HT. Distribution : Panama . Remarks. The “unique” specimen in BMNH is confirmed as the holotype . Type material examined. Holotype ♀ ( BMNH , Figs. 25–26 ): card-mounted, “ Philonthus approximans Type D.S. V. de Chiriqui 4–6000 ft . Champion [in Sharp’s hand] // Type (round white label with red margin) // V. de Chiriqui 4,000–6,000 ft ., Champion (white label) // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus approximans, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.-313. (white label)”. Comments. According to Chani Posse´s key (2014a), this species belongs to Gabrius . FIGURES 25–36 [BMNH ©]. Type material (habitus and labels): 25, 26 , Philonthus approximans Sharp , holotype; 27, 28 , Philonthus atricolor Sharp , lectotype; 29, 30 , Philonthus championi Sharp , holotype; 31, 32 , Philonthus elegans Sharp , lectotype; 33, 34 , Philonthus misellus Sharp , lectotype; 35, 36 , Philonthus nugax Sharp , holotype. Scale bar= 2 mm. Gabrius argentinus (Bernhauer 1912) Philonthus argentinus Bernhauer 1912a : 43 . Type locality: Tucuman prov., Argentina . Type depository: FMNH LT ♂ , 2 PLT; MACN 1 PLT. Distribution: Argentina . Notes: comb. nov. ex Philonthus and lectotype designation (Chani-Posse de Maus 2009 : 32 ); redescription, distribution ( Chani-Posse 2011a: 5 ). Gabrius armatipes ( Sharp 1885 ) , comb. nov. Philonthus armatipes Sharp 1885 : 422 . Type locality: Guatemala , near the city, 5000 ft . Type depository: BMNH 4 ST. Distribution : Guatemala . Remarks. Sharp explicitly mentioned four specimens (three males) as part of the type series. The specimens listed below agree with the original description by Sharp (1885) and considered to have been syntypes prior to the present lectotype designation. Type material examined. Lectotype ♂ , here designated ( BMNH ): card-mounted, “ ♂ (in ink) Philonthus armatipes Type D.S. Guatemala city . 5000 ft . Champion. [in Sharp’s hand] // Type (round white label with red margin) // Guatemala city . Champion. // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus armatipes, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.- 313. (white label)”. Paralectotypes ( BMNH ): 2 ♂ (mounted together) , 1 ♀ , card-mounted, with same locality and collection data as lectotype . Comments. According to Chani Posse´s key (2014a), this species belongs to Gabrius . Gabrius atricolor ( Sharp 1885 ) , comb. nov. ( Figs. 27–28 ) Philonthus atricolor Sharp 1885 : 426 . Type locality: Mexico : Capulalpam, Cerro de Plumas; Guatemala , Totonicapam 8500–10000 ft . Type depository: BMNH 6 ST: from all type localities [MCP seen]. Distribution: Mexico , Guatemala . Note: distribution, also within Mexico ( Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002 ). Remarks. Sharp based his description on six specimens of different sex (at least one male) from Mexico and Guatemala . The specimens below agree with the original description by Sharp (1885) and considered to have been syntypes prior to the present lectotype designation. Type material examined. Lectotype ♂ , here designated ( BMNH , Figs. 27–28 ): card-mounted, “ ♂ (in ink) Philonthus atricolor Type D.S. Totonicapam. Guat. 8500–10,000 ft . [in Sharp’s hand] // Type (round white label with red margin) // Totonicapam , 8–10,000 ft . Champion. // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus atricolor, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.-313. (white label)”. Paralectotypes ( BMNH ): 2 ♂ , 1 ♀ , (mounted together with one male), card-mounted, same locality and collection data as lectotype ; 1 ♀ , card-mounted, “ Philonthus atricolor var. Cerro de Plumas Mexico Höge [in Sharp’s hand])// Cerro de Plumas , Mexico . Hoege (white label) // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus atricolor, Sharp. (white label)”. Comments. According to Chani Posse´s key (2014a), this species belongs to Gabrius . Gabrius championi ( Sharp 1885 ) , comb. nov. ( Figs. 29–30 ) Philonthus championi Sharp 1885 : 427 . Type locality: Panama , Peña Blanca 3000–4000 ft . Type depository: BMNH 3 ST. Distribution : Panama . Remarks. Sharp explicitly mentioned three specimens (one of them a male) as part of the type series. The specimens listed below agree with the original description by Sharp (1885) and considered to have been syntypes prior to the present lectotype designation. Type material examined. Lectotype ♂?, here designated (BMNH, Figs. 29–30 ): card-mounted, “ Philonthus championi Type D.S. Pena Blanca. Panama 3–4000 ft . Champion [in Sharp’s hand] // Type (round white label with red margin) // Pena Blanca 3,000–4,000 ft . Champion // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus championi, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.-313. (white label)”. Paralectotypes (BMNH): 2 ♀, same locality and collection data as lectotype. Comments. According to Chani Posse´s key (2014a), this species belongs to Gabrius . Gabrius chiriquiensis Herman 2001 Gabrius chiriquiensis Herman 2001a : 44 (new name for Philonthus pilipes Bierig 1940 : 142 ). = Philonthus pilipes Bierig 1940 : 142 (preoccupied, junior primary homonym of Philonthus pilipes Stephens 1832 : 231 ). Type locality: Volcán de Chiriqui , como 1500m , Panamá . Type depository: FMNH HT. Distribution: Costa Rica , Panama . Gabrius dampfi ( Bernhauer 1929 ) , comb. nov. Philonthus dampfi Bernhauer 1929 : 194 . Type locality: Desierto de los Leones , Distrito Federal . Type depository: FMNH 1 ST. Distribution : Mexico . Note: distribution within Mexico ( Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002 ). Remarks. The original description gives no indication about how many specimens were examined. One specimen was located in the FMNH under this name. The specimen below agrees with the original description and other specimen data, and is considered to be a syntype although it lacks the usual colored Bernhauer label indicating type status Type material examined. Syntype ♀ ( FMNH ): card mounted: “Mex. Desierto de los Leones 29.3.1925 Dampf [in Bernhauer’s hand] (white label) // M. F. 527, 29/3 25 Desierto [in unknown hand] (folded white label) // Philonthus Dampfi Bernh. n. sp. [in Bernhauer’s hand] (off-white or pale yellow label) // Chicago NHMus M.Bernhauer Collection (white label)”. Gabrius elegans ( Sharp 1885 ) , comb. nov. ( Figs. 31–32 ) Philonthus elegans Sharp 1885 : 428 . Type locality: Panama , Peña Blanca 3000–4000 ft . Type depository: BMNH HT. Distribution : Panama . Remarks. The “unique” specimen in BMNH is confirmed as the holotype . Type material examined. Holotype ♀ ( BMNH , Figs. 31–32 ): card-mounted, “ Philonthus elegans Type D.S. Pena blanca. Panama . 3–4,000 ft . Champion. [in Sharp’s hand] // Type (round white label with red margin) // Pena blanca. 3,000–4,000 ft . Champion.(white label) // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus elegans, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.-313. (white label)”. Comments. According to Chani Posse´s key (2014a), this species belongs to Gabrius . Gabrius forsterianus ( Scheerpeltz 1960 ) , comb. nov. Philonthus forsterianus Scheerpeltz 1960 : 110 . Type locality: Bolivien , Yungas de Corami , 2500m . Type depository: NMW ( Scheerpeltz ) HT ♂ , 2 PT ♂ . Distribution : Bolivia . Remarks. Scheerpeltz explicitly mentioned three specimens (males) as part of the type series. The specimen listed below agrees with the original description by Scheerpeltz (1960) and is considered to be a paratype . Type material examined. Paratype ♂ ( NMW ): card-mounted, also aedeagus“ ♂ (in ink) // Bolivia 1954 leg. W. Forster // Yungas de Corani 2500 m 30.9.1953 // ex coll. Scheerpeltz (blue label) // COTYPUS Philonthus forsterianus O. Scheerpeltz (pink label) // Forsterianus Scheerp. (green label).” Comments. According to Chani Posse´s key (2014a), this species belongs to Gabrius . Gabrius hornaditanus ( Rambousek 1925 ) Philonthus hornaditanus Rambousek 1925 : 75 . Type locality: Hornadita, 3600m , Jujuy [LT]. Type depository: NMPC LT ♂ , 5PLT; FMNH 1PLT. Distribution: Argentina . Notes: comb. nov. ex Philonthus and lectotype designation (Chani-Posse de Maus 2009 : 32 ); redescription, distribution ( Chani-Posse 2011a: 6 ). Gabrius jujuyensis (Bernhauer 1921) Philonthus jujuyensis Bernhauer 1921c : 107 . Type locality: Cueva Iturbe, 3700m , Jujuy , Argentina . Type depository: FMNH LT ♂ , 1 PLT. Distribution: Argentina . Note: comb. nov. ex Philonthus and lectotype designation (Chani-Posse de Maus 2009 : 33 ); redescription, distribution ( Chani-Posse 2011a: 8 ). Gabrius misellus ( Sharp 1885 ) , comb. nov. ( Figs. 33–34 ) Philonthus misellus Sharp 1885 : 421 . Type locality: Guatemala : near the city, Quiche Mountains 7000–9000 ft . Type depository: BMNH 6 ST: 5 Guatemala city , 1 Quiche [MCP seen]. Distribution: Mexico , Guatemala . Note: distribution, also within Mexico ( Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002 ). Remarks. Sharp did not specify the number of specimens he examined for naming this species, but obviously he based his description on at least one male. Six specimens were located in the BMNH under this name. The specimens below agree with the original description by Sharp (1885) and considered to have been syntypes prior to the present lectotype designation. Type material examined. Lectotype ♂, here designated (BMNH, Figs. 33–34 ): card-mounted, “♂ (in ink) Philonthus Misellus Type D.S. Quiche mts Guatemala 7–9000 ft . Champion [in Sharp’s hand] // Type (round white label with red margin) // Quiche Mts., 7–9000 ft . Champion. // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus misellus, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.-313. (white label)”. Paralectotypes (BMNH): 1 ♂, “♂ (in ink) Philonthus misellus D.S. Guatemala city. Champion [in Sharp’s hand] // Guatemala city Champion. // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus misellus, Sharp. (white label); 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ (mounted together), 2 undetermined, cardmounted, same locality and collection data as above but without male symbol. Comments. According to Chani Posse´s key (2014a), this species belongs to Gabrius . Gabrius nidicola (Bernhauer 1921) Philonthus nidicola Bernhauer 1921c : 108 . Type locality: Monte Veloz, Estancia Sr. Benjamin Barreto, Buenos Aires . Type depository: FMNH LT ♂ , 1 PLT. Distribution: Argentina . Note: in nest of Ctenomys talanum ; comb. nov. ex Philonthus and lectotype designation (Chani-Posse de Maus 2009 : 34 ); redescription, distribution ( Chani-Posse 2011a: 10 ). Gabrius nigritulus ( Gravenhorst 1802 ) [adventive in CASA] Staphylinus nigritulus Gravenhorst 1802 : 41 . Type locality: Brunsuigae [ Germany ]. Type depository: ZMHB LT ♂ , 16 PLT?. Distribution: Palearctic (Europe to n Africa, Turkey , Syria , Iran , Afghanistan , Russia , Mongolia , Japan ), Azores, Canary Is., Madeira, Zaire , Tanzania , Ethiopia , Rodriguez, India ( KA ), China ; adventive in Canada , USA , Mexico , Argentina , Chile , Australia , New Zealand , Hawaii . Notes: comb. nov. ex Staphylinus ( Erichson 1839: 476 ) ; lectotype designation ( Smetana 1962: 237 ), description ( Smetana 1995: 619 ); distribution, also within Mexico ( Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002 ), within Argentina ( Chani-Posse 2011a: 12 ). = Gabrius chiliensis Coiffait & Sáiz 1968 : 348 . Type locality: Curicó: Romeral. Type depository: Sáiz (in MNNC) HT + 8 PT; MNNC 8 PT. Distribution: Chile. Note: as synonym of G. nigritulus (Chani-Posse de Maus 2009 : 40 ) . Gabrius nitidipennis ( Solier 1849 ) , comb. nov. Endeius nitidipennis Solier 1849 : 316 . Type locality: Chile [no locality given]. Type depository: MNHN ?. Distribution: Chile , Argentina , Juan Fernandez Is. Notes: distribution ( Sáiz 1971 ); redescription (Chani-Posse de Maus 2008 : 396 ); excluded from Endeius as Philonthina incertae sedis (Chani-Posse 2013: 404). Discussion. After Chani-Posse et al. (2017: 23) Endeius nitidipennis ( Philonthina , incertae sedis ) is related to G. picipennis Mäklin , member of the “ nigritulus -group” where the type species of the genus ( G. nigritulus (Gravenhorst)) belongs ( Smetana 1995 ). So that we transfer this species to Gabrius . Gabrius nugax ( Sharp 1885 ) , comb. nov. ( Figs. 35–36 ) Philonthus nugax Sharp 1885 : 414 . Type locality: Mexico : Mirador , Veracruz . Type depository: BMNH HT ♀ . Distribution : Mexico . Note: distribution within Mexico ( Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002 ). Remarks. The “unique” specimen in BMNH is confirmed as the holotype . Type material examined. Holotype ♀ ( BMNH , Figs. 35–36 ): card-mounted, “ ♀ (in ink) Philonthus nugax Type D.S. Mirador. Mexico . Höge” [in Sharp’s hand] // Type (round white label with red margin) // Mirador , Mexico Hoege (white label) // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus nugax, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.-313. (white label)”. Comments. According to Chani Posse´s key (2014a), this species belongs to Gabrius . Gabrius ovaticeps ( Sharp 1885 ) , comb. nov. Philonthus ovaticeps Sharp 1885 : 421 . Type locality: Mexico : Las Vigas , Veracruz . Type depository: BMNH 4 ST: only from Las Vigas [ MCP seen]. Distribution : Mexico .Note: distribution within Mexico ( Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002 ). Remarks. Sharp did not specify the number of specimens he examined for naming this species, but obviously he based his description on at least one male. Four specimens were located in the BMNH under this name. The specimens below agree with the original description by Sharp (1885) and considered to have been syntypes . Type material examined. Syntypes (BMNH): 2 ♂ (mounted together), card-mounted, “ Philonthus ovaticeps Types D.S. Las Vigas. Mex. Flohr” [in Sharp’s hand] // Type (round white label with red margin) // Las Vigas, Mexico. Flohr. // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus ovaticeps, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.-313. (white label)”; 2 ♀ (mounted together), card-mounted, “ Philonthus ovaticeps D.S. Las Vigas. Mex. Flohr ” [in Sharp’s hand] // Las Vigas, Mexico. Flohr. // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus ovaticeps, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.-313. (white label)”. Comments. According to Chani Posse´s key (2014a), this species belongs to Gabrius . Gabrius peruvianus (Bernhauer 1916) , comb. nov. ( Figs. 51–52 ) Philonthus peruvianus Bernhauer 1916a : 28 . Type locality: Chanchamayo, Peru . Type depository: FMNH 2 ST. Distribution: Colombia , Peru . Note: Peru ( Asenjo 2004 ). Remarks. Although a male is explicitly mentioned in the original description, there is no indication that only one specimen was examined by Bernhauer (1916). One specimen was located in the FMNH under this name (other two specimens on loan). The specimen below agrees with the original description and considered to have been a syntype . Material examined. Syntype ( FMNH , Figs. 51–52 ): card mounted // “Chanchamayo, Peru al Heyne” [in Bernhauer’s hand] (white label) // “ peruvianus Brh [in Bernhauer’s hand] det. Bernhauer ” (white label) // “Chicago NHMus M. Bernhauer Collection (white label). Gabrius planulatus ( Sharp 1885 ) , comb. nov. ( Figs. 37–38 ) Philonthus planulatus Sharp 1885 : 407 . Type locality: Panama , Volcan de Chiriqui 3000–4000 ft , Peña Blanca 3000–4000 ft . Type depository: BMNH 7 ST: 5 Peña Blanca, 2 Chiriqui [MCP seen]. Distribution: Costa Rica , Panama . Remarks. Sharp did not specify the number of specimens he examined for naming this species, but it is obvious that he based his description on at least two specimens of different sex. Seven specimens were located in the BMNH under this name. The specimens below agree with the original description by Sharp (1885) and considered to have been syntypes prior to the present lectotype designation. Type material examined. Lectotype ♂, here designated (BMNH, Figs. 37–38 ): card-mounted, “♂ (in ink) Philonthus planulatus Type D.S. Pena blanca. Panama. Champion” [in Sharp’s hand] // Type (round white label with red margin) // Pena blanca, 3,000–4,000 ft . Champion. // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus planulatus, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.-313. (white label)”. Paralectotypes (BMNH): 3 ♀, 1 ♂ (mounted together with one female), card-mounted, same locality and collection data as lectotype; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, card-mounted, “ Philonthus planulatus D.S. V. De Chiriqui Champion [in Sharp’s hand] // V. de Chiriqui, 4,000–6,000 ft . Champion// B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus planulatus, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.-313”. Comments. According to Chani Posse´s key (2014a), this species belongs to Gabrius . Gabrius rusticus ( Sharp 1885 ) , comb. nov. ( Figs. 39–40 ) Philonthus rusticus Sharp 1885 : 421 . Type locality: Mexico : Las Vigas, Cordova . Type depository: BMNH 6 ST: 5 Las Vigas, 1 Cordova [MCP seen]. Distribution: Mexico , Guatemala , El Salvador . Note: distribution, also within Mexico ( Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002 ). Remarks. Sharp did not specify the number of specimens he examined for naming this species, but it seems likely that he based his description on at least two specimens of different sex. Six specimens were located in the BMNH under this name. The specimens below agree with the original description by Sharp (1885) and considered to have been syntypes prior to the present lectotype designation. Type material examined. Lectotype ♂, here designated (BMNH, Figs. 39–40 ): card-mounted (together with a second specimen), “♂ (in ink) Philonthus rusticus Types D.S. Las Vigas. Mex. Flohr [in Sharp’s hand] // Type (round white label with red margin) // Las Vigas, Mexico. Flohr. // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus rusticus, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.-313. (white label)”. The second specimen is a paralectotype. Other paralectotypes (BMNH): 2 ♂ (mounted together), 1 ♀, card-mounted, same locality and collection data as lectotype; 1 ♂, “ Philonthus rusticus D.S. Cordova. Mexico Flohr [in Sharp’s hand] // Cordova, Mexico. Hoege. // B.C.A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus rusticus, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.-313”. Comments. According to Chani Posse´s key (2014a), this species belongs to Gabrius . Gabrius serpens ( Sharp 1885 ) , comb. nov. ( Figs. 41–42 ) Philonthus serpens Sharp 1885 : 422 . Type locality: Guatemala , San Gerónimo, Torola; Panama : Volcan de Chiriqui 4000–6000 ft , Peña Blanca 3000–4000 ft . Type depository: BMNH 8 ST: 3 Torola, 2 Peña Blanca, 2 Chiriqui , 1 San Gerónimo [MCP seen]. Distribution: Mexico , Guatemala , Panama . Note: distribution, also within Mexico ( Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002 ). Remarks. Sharp did not specify the number of specimens he examined for naming this species, but it seems likely that he based his description on at least two specimens of different sex. Eight specimens were located in the BMNH under this name. The specimens below agree with the original description by Sharp (1885) and considered to have been syntypes prior to the present lectotype designation. Type material examined. Lectotype ♂, here designated (BMNH, Figs. 41–42 ): card-mounted, “♂ (in ink) Philonthus serpentinus Type D.S. Pena blanca 3–4000 ft . Champion [in Sharp’s hand, “ serpetinus ” probably a lapsus calami ] // Type (round white label with red margin) // Pena Blanca 3,000–4,000 ft ., Champion, // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus serpens, Sharp. (white label) // Sharp Coll. 1905.-313. (white label)”. Paralectotypes (BMNH): 1 ♀, same locality and collection data as lectotype; 1 ♀, “ Philonthus serpentinus var. San Gerónimo Champion [in Sharp’s hand] // San Gerónimo, Guatemala Champion (white label) // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus serpens, Sharp. (white label)”; 3 ♀, “ Philonthus serpentinus var. D.S. Torola Champion [in Sharp’s hand] // Torola, 1000 ft Champion (white label) // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus serpens, Sharp. (white label)”; 2 ♀, “ Philonthus serpentinus var. D.S. V. De Chiriqui 4–6000 ft . Champion [in Sharp’s hand] // V. De Chiriqui 4,000–6000 ft . Champion (white label) // B. C. A. Col. I. 2. Philonthus serpens, Sharp. (white label)”. Comments. According to Chani Posse´s key (2014a), this species belongs to Gabrius . Gabrius tucumanensis ( Bernhauer 1927 ) Philonthus tucumanensis Bernhauer 1927 : 245 . Type locality: San Pedro Colalao, Tucuman, Argentina. Type depository: FMNH LT ♀. Distribution: Argentina. Notes: in nest of Ctenomys talanum ; comb. nov. ex Philonthus and lectotype designation (Chani-Posse de Maus 2009 : 33 ); redescription, distribution (Chani- Posse 2011a : 13 ).