Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean
Author
Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-8724
Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
l.bribiesca-contreras@nhm.ac.uk
Author
Dahlgren, Thomas G.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6854-2031
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden & Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE, Bergen, Norway
Author
Amon, Diva J.
SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago
Author
Cairns, Stephen
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7209-9271
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA
Author
Drennan, Regan
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-5464
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
Author
Durden, Jennifer M.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-9109
UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Author
Eleaume, Marc P.
Collections & Research, Western Australia Museum, Perth, Australia
Author
Hosie, Andrew M.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-662X
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Author
Kremenetskaia, Antonina
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-3318
School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
Author
McQuaid, Kirsty
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-8332
Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
Author
O'Hara, Timothy D.
Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
Author
Rabone, Muriel
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-2313
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
Author
Simon-Lledo, Erik
UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Author
Smith, Craig R.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3976-0889
School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
Author
Watling, Les
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-1168
School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
Author
Wiklund, Helena
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-3504
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Author
Glover, Adrian G.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-074X
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
text
ZooKeys
2022
2022-07-18
1113
1
110
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
1313-2970-1113-1
EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A
Synallactes stet. CCZ_153
Fig. 39
Material.
Clarion-Clipperton Zone •
1 specimen
; APEI 4;
6.9704°N
,
149.9426°W
;
5009 m
deep;
06 Jun. 2018
;
Smith
&
Durden
leg.;
GenBank
:
ON400714
(COI); NHMUK 2022.69;
Voucher
code: CCZ_153
.
Description.
Single specimen (Fig.
39A
). Body cylindrical, white, ~ 4
x
as long as wide (L = 10 cm, W = 2.7 cm), flattened proximally and rounded distally; flattened ventral surface. Two rows, upper and lower, of lateral, small, conical, thin processes, similar to those around the proximal edge (Fig.
39D
). There is a row of yellowish, very small, tube feet in the mid-ventral surface, along the odd ambulacrum (Fig.
39E
). Skin firm but translucent. Colour on live and preserved specimen is white. Ossicles abundant on dorsal body wall, spatulated crosses only with a long spinous apophysis, end of arms spatulated with holes (Fig.
39B
). Ventral ossicles also spatulated crosses with a long spinous apophysis, smaller, sometimes with more than four arms, also spatulated ends of arms with holes (Fig.
39C
).
Figure 39.
Synallactes
stet. CCZ_153
A
in situ image
B
ossicles from dorsal skin
C
ossicles from ventral skin
D
dorsal view of specimen before preservation,
E
ventral view. Scale bars: 2 cm (
A
); 50
μm
(
B, C
); 5 mm (
D, E
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
A
); Bribiesca-Contreras (
B, C
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
D, E
).
Remarks.
The closest matches for the barcoding gene COI sequence are published sequences from the genus
Bathyplotes
(89.9% similarity), also within the family
Synallactidae
. The sequence is distinct from the only sequence of
Synallactes
sp. (GenBank accession number: KX874365.1) included in the phylogeny (Fig.
34
), and they were not recovered as a monophyletic group. The DeepCCZ specimen was recovered sister to species of
Bathyplotes
, with
Synallactes
sp. recovered separately from the other genera in the family
Synallactidae
, concordant with previous results (
Miller et al. 2017
). Despite this, the specimen was assigned to the genus
Synallactes
based on external morphological characters that are concordant with those described from the genus. Species of
Synallactes
have previously been reported in the CCZ:
Synallactes profundus
(Koehler & Vaney, 1905) and
Synallactes aenigma
Ludwig, 1894; the latter being associated with manganese substrates. External morphology does not resemble to
S. profundus
.
Ecology.
This specimen was found on the sedimented seafloor of an abyssal plain on APEI 4 at 5008 m depth.
Comparison with image-based catalogue.
A very similar
Synallactidae
morphotype (i.e.,
Synallactes
sp. indet., HOL_007) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule field areas of the eastern CCZ (e.g.,
Amon et al. 2017b
), but not in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ, where synallactid specimens were very rarely encountered.
Family
Deimatidae
Theel
, 1882