The order Zoantharia Rafinesque, 1815 (Cnidaria, Anthozoa: Hexacorallia): supraspecific classification and nomenclature Author Low, Martyn E. Y. Lee Kong Chian Museum of Natural History, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Republic of Singapore & former address: Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan Author Sinniger, Frederic Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905 - 0227, Japan Author Reimer, James Davis Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology (MISE) Laboratory, Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan; and Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan jreimer@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp text ZooKeys 2016 2016-12-14 641 1 80 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10346 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10346 1313-2970-641-1 903D6413C8024864A662D71C50740E2D BB707A65FFDFFFFBFFFE8B61FFD5FF91 579464 Parazoanthidae Delage & Herouard , 1901 Savaliidae (as "Savalini" ) Nardo, 1844: 433. Bergiidae Verrill, 1865a: 147 [ nomen oblitum ]. Gerardiidae Verrill, 1865a: 148. Savagliidae Brook, 1889: 51, 74, 79. Parazoanthidae Delage & Herouard , 1901: 665 [ nomen protectum ]. Savaliidae Poche, 1914: 104. Heterozoanthidae Pax & Mueller , 1956: 3. Type genus. Parazoanthus Haddon & Shackleton, 1891. Diagnosis. As discussed in Sinniger and Haeussermann (2009 : 28), this family "[... ] traditionally groups macrocnemic zoanthids possessing an endodermal sphincter. Mem ber species are frequently associated with other organisms, which are used as substrata". Excludes species that form monophyly with Brachycnemina ( Sinniger et al. 2010a ). Remarks. Precedence of Bergiidae Verrill, 1865, and Bergia Duchassaing de Fonbressin & Michelotti, 1860, and respectively Parazoanthidae Delage & Herouard , 1901, and Parazoathus Haddon & Shackleton, 1891a, was reversed in Low and Reimer (2011a) . In accordance with Article 23.9.2 ( ICZN 1999 : 28, 29), an application is being prepared to request that the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature suppress the senior subjective synonyms Savaliidae Nardo, 1844, Gerardiidae Verrill, 1865, and Savagliidae Brook, 1889, in favour of Parazoanthidae Delage & Herouard , 1901, to maintain current and widespread usage. See additional discussion in Appendix 3. In addition to the type genus, Parazoanthus Haddon & Shackelton, 1891, twelve other valid genera are currently assigned to the family Parazoanthidae : Antipathozoanthus Sinniger, Reimer & Pawlowski, 2010, Bergia Duchassaing de Fonbressin & Michelotti, 1860, Bullagummizoanthus Sinniger, Ocana & Baco, 2013, Corallizoanthus Reimer, in Reimer, Nonaka, Sinniger & Iwase, 2008, Hurlizoanthus Sinniger, Ocana & Baco, 2013, Isozoanthus Carlgren, in Chun, 1903, Kauluzoanthus Sinniger, Ocana & Baco, 2013, Kulamanamana Sinniger, Ocana & Baco, 2013, Mesozoanthus Sinniger & Haeussermann , 2009, Savalia Nardo, 1844, Umimayanthus Montenegro, Sinniger & Reimer, 2015, and Zibrowius Sinniger, Ocana & Baco, 2013.