Unexpected high species diversity among European stalked puffballs - a contribution to the phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Tulostoma (Agaricales) Author Jeppson, Mikael Author Altes, Alberto Author Moreno, Gabriel Author Nilsson, R. Henrik Author Yolanda Loarce, Author Bustos, Alfredo de Author Larsson, Ellen text MycoKeys 2017 21 33 88 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.21.12176 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.21.12176 1314-4049--33 Tulostoma brumale Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 86. 1794. Figure 2b Type . FRANCE, "circa Parisios" (L); several collections by Persoon available at L, but no type seems to have been formally designated (cfr. Wright 1987 ). Tulostoma brumale is well characterized by its membranous exoperidium, the circular-tubular mouth -which is usually surrounded by a brown peristome - and its abrupt widenings of the capillitial septa. SEM-photos of the spores show an irregular ornamentation of blunt, broad-based verrucae (Figure 2b). It can be separated from T. simulans by the exoperidial features, its slightly smaller spores, and the presence of irregular crystals adhering to the capillitial walls. Habitat and distribution. According to Wright (1987) , T. brumale is recorded from N and S America and Asia (Georgia). Shvartsman and Filimonova (1970) reported it from Central Asia and Rebriev and Gorbunova (2007) added findings from Siberia. In Europe it is one of the more common species of Tulostoma , recorded north to 60° in Fennoscandia. It occurs in all types of sandy and calcareous grasslands, sand dunes, and sand steppe vegetation, as well as on moss covered rocks and stone walls. It is often associated with mosses, particularly Syntrichia spp. Specimens examined. CZECH REPUBLIC, S. Moravia, Breclav , Pavlov, Dĕvin-Kotel-Souteska NPR, 29 Dec. 2013, P. Bruzek 131229 (GB)*; Praha: Lochkovske udoli-Cikanka , limestone, pebble, gravel, 12 Jan. 2014, Bruzek 140112 (GB)*. FRANCE, La Vendee : Saint Juan, Plage de la Tonelle, among Syntrichia on sand dune, 25 Jan. 2007, J. Jeppson, M. Jeppson 8372 (GB)*. HUNGARY, Pest: Tatarszentgyoergy , 11 Jan. 2011, P. Finy 9 (GB)*. NORWAY, Vest-Agder: Lista, Bausjo , ost for Tjorve , pa mose pa sanddyne, 10 Nov. 1950, F.-E. Eckblad 501110 (O 58849)*. SLOVAKIA, Strazovske vrchy: Ďurďove , calcareous grassland, 6 Oct. 2005, T. Knutsson, J. Jeppson, M. Jeppson 7532 (GB)*. SWEDEN, Gotland: Gotska Sandoen , graeshed med Corynephoretum naera stranden, 24 May 2013, T. Knutsson 2013-134 (GB); Oeland : Sandby, Sandby kyrkvaegskael , sand steppe vegetation on road verge, 15 Nov. 2003, M. Jeppson 6427 (GB)*; Skane : Ahus , Horna braenneri , among Syntrichia in sand steppe vegetation, 24 Oct. 1998, M. Jeppson 4597 (GB)*; Koepinge , Fritorpet, 26 Oct. 2001, M. Jeppson 5785 (GB)*.