A study of the genus Fagineura (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae) Author Hara, Hideho 0000-0001-5834-9158 Nishi 4 Kita 3 4 - 29, Bibai, Hokkaido, 072 - 0033 Japan. harahideho @ bell. ocn. ne. jp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5834 - 9158 Wami 1355 - 13, Nakagawa, Tochigi, 324 - 0612 Japan. banbi-fa @ ktd. biglobe. ne. jp harahideho@bell.ocn.ne.jp Author Ibuki, Shinichi text Zootaxa 2022 2022-03-18 5116 2 223 252 journal article 20173 10.11646/zootaxa.5116.2.3 e4437a20-2079-4555-8e17-fa6847d621ba 1175-5326 6367255 EBF12EE4-4675-45AC-80C1-CFA61FD0C297 Fagineura crenativora group Diagnostic characters . Major axis of eye in lateral view 2–4 × distance from eye to dorsalmost point of head ( Figs 1C , 6M ). Frontal pit dorsally with median groove ( Figs 6P, Q ). Clypeus with width 3.2–3.8 × maximum height ( Fig. 7B ); maximum height 0.8–1.0 × torulus height; ventral emargination distinct and wide; depth of emargination 0.3–0.6 × median height of clypeus. Mandibles symmetric ( Figs 7A, B ); in outer view, each rather sharply tapered basally, gradually tapered from middle to apex ( Figs 7A, D, E, J, K ), with low and dull apical carina on each of anterior and posterior surfaces ( Figs 7P, Q ). Ventral edge of epicnemium narrowly and distinctly grooved. Katepimeron extensively or posteriorly covered with setae, sometimes with only a few or several setae. In fore wing, vein C apically slightly or distinctly dilated, and cell Sc 0.3–1.0 × as wide as vein C at middle point of origin of vein Rs+M ( Figs 8W, X ); crossvein 2r-rs absent ( Figs 1B, F, J, M , 2B, E ). In female abdomen, cercus about 4–6 × as long as wide ( Figs 9A, B, I, J ). Valvula 3 apically emarginate or pointed in dorsal view ( Figs 9A, B ; fig. 2f in Liu et al . 2019 ). In lance, radix without subdorsal carina ( Figs 10A–C ). In lancet, tangium with or without pores ( Figs 11A–C ); sclerotized part before lamnium being narrow transverse band; annulus 1 anteriorly with transverse colorless area with ctenidium. In male abdomen, penis valve with valvispina directed posteroventrally ( Figs 14K–N ). Remarks . The F. crenativora group is distinguished from the F. quercivora group as stated in the key above. In all members of the group, the lancet has the annulus 1 with a ctenidium in a distinct transverse colorless area and the sclerotized part before the annulus 1 being a narrow transverse band ( Figs 11A–C ; figs 2A–H in Liu et al . 2021 ). In the related genera such as Euura , Nematus and Pristiphora and the F. quercivora group, the annulus 1 usually does not have a ctenidium (see Benson 1958 , Liston et al. 2017 , Prous et al. 2017 , 2019, 2021), and if it has a ctenidium, the area around the ctenidium is not widely colorless or the sclerotized part before the lamnium is absent or does not become a narrow transverse band ( e.g . figs 22, 24 in Smith 2012; Fig. 13E ). Therefore, this character of the F. crenativora group appears to be unique in the Nematinae and may support the monophyly of the group.