Leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sand flies in Oman Sultanate Author Rioux, Jean-Antoine Faculté de Médecine, Université Montpellier 1, 1 rue de l’Éencole de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France Author Gramiccia, Marina Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Vector-borne Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Author Léger, Nicole Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 7510, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, Author Desjeux, Philippe PATH OWH (formerly One World Health), A- 9, Qutub Institutional area, USO Road, New Delhi 110067, India Author Depaquit, Jérôme Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 7510, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, & ANSES, USC Transmission Vectorielle et Épidémiosurveillance de Maladies Parasitaires (VECPAR), 51100 Reims, France & Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Pôle de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 51100 Reims, France text Parasite 2020 Paris, France 2020-11-27 27 68 1 13 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020064 journal article 303817 10.1051/parasite/2020064 4aa6bb5c-5444-4159-94f8-285010efd2ad 1776-1042 PMC7708229 33258444 12524365 Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) saevus Parrot & Martin, 1939 The male of Ph. saevus has a straight, non-hooked parameral sheath, a large basal lobe of the gonocoxite, with a weakly dilated distal portion carrying many long and slightly curved setae. The Ph. saevus female is difficult to distinguish from that of Ph. sergenti . Its pharyngeal armature is well developed and contains more teeth than those of Ph. sergenti ( Fig. 4 ). Ph. saevus has a distribution including East Africa and Arabia. In Oman , this is its first record. We caught Ph. saevus only in Dhofar (Djebel Quara), at the Dh3 capture site, an isolated farm where a female patient with leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica (LCO 4) lived. Ph. saevus is a vector suspected of transmitting L. tropica in households where Ph. sergenti is absent, like in Kenya [ 45 ] or Yemen [ 14 ].