Three new species of Kynotus from the Central Highlands of Madagascar (Clitellata, Megadrili) Author Csuzdi, Csaba 86F75D9D-740D-4D98-849B-B744C4438D76 Department of Zoology, Eszterházy Károly University, Eger, Hungary. & Email: csuzdi. csaba @ ektf. hu & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 86 F 75 D 9 D- 740 D- 4 D 98 - 849 B-B 744 C 4438 D 76 csuzdi.csaba@ektf.hu Author Razafindrakoto, Malalatiana F21C5094-DE1F-4F7E-BF0A-C59C8AAF7D7A Department of Animal Biology, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar and Laboratory of Radio-Isotopes, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar. & Email: malalasraz @ yahoo. fr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: F 21 C 5094 - DE 1 F- 4 F 7 E-BF 0 A-C 59 C 8 AAF 7 D 7 A malalasraz@yahoo.fr Author Hong, Yong 49F2D6FB-B6BA-438C-A452-ED4C109DB544 Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 49 F 2 D 6 FB-B 6 BA- 438 C-A 452 - ED 4 C 109 DB 544 & Corresponding author: geoworm @ hanmail. net geoworm@hanmail.net text European Journal of Taxonomy 2017 2017-07-13 336 1 14 journal article 22086 10.5852/ejt.2017.336 4f3fdc50-52dc-4b53-9e5e-cbcc9b4e5985 2118-9773 3829873 A61DAF10-1819-4C90-A64A-1F1DDDAC220D Kynotus blancharti sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 89CA5809-835D-4698-B6EA-2BDF9178F718 Figs 3 , 5 Kynotus alaotranus Michaelsen, 1907 – Csuzdi et al . 2012: 37 . Diagnosis Length 80–90 mm , diameter 4–5 mm , segment number 180–195. Segments 1–3 simple, 4–10 biannulate. Colour light grey, pigmentation lacking. Setae appear from segment 2, clearly visible. Male pores ventral on 16. Clitellum circular on ½18–27. Three rows of spermathecae of oval shape, with long and thin duct in 13/14, 14/15, 15/16. Genital setal glands present in 14 and 15. Etymology We dedicate this species to Eric Blanchart (L’Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Antananarivo ), who initiated the recent earthworm research in Madagascar . Material examined Holotype MADAGASCAR : clitellate, Antsirabe District , Sambaina , open bushland, 19°38′12″ S , 47°8′49″ E , 1700 m a.s.l. , 21 Apr. 2008 , Cs. Csuzdi, E . Blanchart and M. Razafindrakoto leg. ( HNHM / AF5652 ). Paratypes MADAGASCAR : 3 clitellate ex., locality and date same as holotype ( HNHM /AF5539). Table 2. Distinguishing characters in the K. alaotranus species group.
Species Average size (length /width) (mm) Pigment Biannulate segments First setal segment Clitellum Spermathecae (number) Genital setal glands Genital setae (mm) and apex shape
K. ankisiranus sp. nov. 90/3 slight red 4–10 2 18–½ 28 13/14, 14/15, 15/16 (2) oval, short duct 14, 15 1.7 spoon-shaped
K. alaotranus Michaelsen, 1907 120/6 slight red 4–10 3 ½ 18–27 13/14, 14/15, 15/16 (2-4) oval, long duct 14, 15 1.5 lanceolate
K. blancharti sp. nov. 90/5 lacking 4–10 2 ½ 18–27 13/14, 14/15, 15/16 (2-4) oval, long duct 14, 15 1.9 spoon-shaped
K. michaelseni Rosa, 1892 130/8 dark red 4–10 3 19–25 13/14, 14/15 (1) finger-shaped 13, 14 2.0 lanceolate
K. minutus Csuzdi et al ., 2012 70/4 dark red 4–10 2 18–½ 27 13/14, 14/15, 15/16 (2-3) oval, short duct 15 1.2 lanceolate
K. parvus Csuzdi et al ., 2012 100/4 slight red 4–10 2 18–½ 27 13/14, 14/15, 15/16 (2-3) oval, short duct 14, 15 0.9 lanceolate
K. pittarellii Cognetti, 1906 230/10 lacking 4–10 6 18–28 14/15, 15/16 (2-4) finger-shaped 14, 16 3.6 lanceolate
K. rosae Cognetti, 1906 105/5 slight red 4–10 2 18–28 13/14, 14/15, 15/16, 16/17 (1-4) oval, short duct 15 2.0 lanceolate
K. sikorai Michaelsen, 1901 205/10 dark red 4–10 9 – 13/14, 14/15, 15/16 (1-2) finger-shaped 14, 15 3.5 lanceolate
K. voimmanus sp. nov. 170/7 slight red 4–10 2 18–28 13/14, 14/15, 15/16 (2-3) oval, long duct 15 2.3 lanceolate
Description Holotype 90 mm in length, diameter after the clitellum 5 mm , segment number 194, tail missing. Paratypes 80–90 mm in length, 4–5 mm in diameter, segment number 180–195. Colour greyish, pigmentation lacking. Head zygolobous, segments 1–3 simple, 4–10 biannulate. Dorsal pores lacking. Setae small, ab and cd clearly observed from segment 2. Setal arrangement after clitellum aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 22.5:1.5:13:1:20, dd = 0.27 U ( Fig. 3A ). Clitellum circular on ½18–27. Male pores ventral on 16. Female pores not seen. Spermathecal pores in 13/14(2–3), 14/15(3–4), 15/16(2–3) irregularly arranged from bc to above cd . Genital setal pores in variable position between ab and cd on 14, 15. Nephridial pores between setal lines ab and cd . Fig. 3. K. blancharti sp. nov. A . Setal arrangement, a, b, c, d representing setal lines. B . Spermathecae (14/15) schematic representation. C . Genital seta. D . Tip of the genital seta. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Table 3. Average interspecific (below the diagonal) and intra specific (bold, in the diagonal) K2P genetic distances of the species of Kynotus Michaelsen, 1891 analysed.
K. ank . K. alao . K. blan . K. mich . K. min . K. prob . K. sih . K. voi.
K. ankisiranus –
K. alaotranus 0.206 0.0
K. blancharti 0.217 0.197 0.003
K. michaelseni 0.264 0.255 0.256 0.003
K. minutus 0.237 0.221 0.224 0.252 0.0
K. proboscideus 0.256 0.262 0.235 0.282 0.242 0.005
K. sihanakus 0.237 0.243 0.233 0.261 0.215 0.241 0.004
K. voimmanus 0.215 0.143 0.219 0.265 0.262 0.264 0.245 0.001
Internal characters Large muscular gizzard in 5. Septa 7/8–9/10 moderately thickened, 5/6–6/7, 10/11 slightly strengthened. Calciferous glands, lamellae and typhlosolis lacking. Dorsal blood vessel simple throughout, last pair of hearts in 11. Excretory system holoic, vesiculate. Two pairs of testes and sperm funnels in 10, 11 enclosed in large peri-oesophageal testis sacs. Seminal vesicles lacking. Ovaries in 13. A pair of large, oval copulatory chambers occupying the ventral space of segments 16–18. Each copulatory chamber bearing an irregular prostate-like gland (pseudoprostate) reaching segment 26. Spermathecae ovalshaped, with long and thin duct attached at 13/14(2–3), 14/15(3–4), 15/16(2–3), arranged from ab to above cd ( Fig. 3B ). Two pairs of genital setal glands present in segment 14, 15 above ab and around cd . The genital setae are slightly curved, with elongated spoon-shaped apex, length 1.8–1.9 mm , diameter just under the apex 0.05 mm , ornamentation with dense short serrations ( Fig. 3 C–D). Remarks K. blancharti sp. nov. was previously classified as an unpigmented K. alaotranus ( Csuzdi et al. 2012 ) . Besides the lack of red pigments, the penial setae are also somewhat different. Instead of being lanceolate as in alaotranus , in the new species the tip is flanked with slightly dentate rims making the seta more spoon-shaped. K. blancharti sp. nov. is clearly different from all the examined alaotranus group species by its COI barcode as well ( Table 3 , Fig. 5 ).