Revision of the Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
Author
Nogueira, David Silva
0000-0003-2045-0191
dsnogueira90@gmail.com
Author
Oliveira, Favízia Freitas De
0000-0003-4366-5005
favizia.freitas@ufba.br
Author
Oliveira, Marcio Luiz De
0000-0002-3950-1086
mlolivei@inpa.gov.br
text
Zootaxa
2022
2022-03-23
5119
1
1
64
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5119.1.1
journal article
151368
10.11646/zootaxa.5119.1.1
eb69b1e4-7442-4727-a42c-426584a1a846
1175-5326
6378560
F5425B3C-1877-4C3F-AE76-0CE37998437D
Tetragona clavipes
species-group
Diagnosis (worker):
clypeus yellow, with or without brown maculations, and sometimes divided by a longitudinal brown line. Basal triangle of the clypeus, when present, from dark brown to black. Paraocular area with yellow maculation, not extending above middle tangent of the antennal socket (except in
T. perangulata
). Forewing with apical half of membrane hyaline (with whitish microtrichia) and basal half slightly yellow (with yellowish-brown microtrichia). Setae on the sixth tergum about 1.5x–2x or more the length of the setae of fourth tergum, more abundant than in fifth tergum (except in
T. korotaii
sp. nov.
). T2–T6 black with contrasting yellow band on apical third.
TABLE 2.
Comparative diagnosis of workers of species-group
Tetragona clavipes
(
Fabricius, 1804
)
.
|
Characteristics
|
T. clavipes
|
T. quadrangula
|
T. perangulata
|
T. mourei
sp. nov.
|
T. korotaii
sp. nov.
|
| Paraocular maculation below the epistomal suture |
X |
X |
X |
| Paraocular maculation in line to the epistomal suture |
X |
X |
| Paraocular maculation smoky superiorly |
X |
| Malar area black |
X |
X |
X |
X |
| Malar area yellow |
X |
| Metatibia with a black or dark brown area |
X |
X |
X |
| Metatibia completely yellow or yellowish-brown |
X |
X |
| T2 with a longitudinal yellow band wider than the diameter of the f lagellum |
X |
| T6 with branched hairs and simple setae mixed |
X |
X |
X |
X |
| T6 with only branched hairs |
X |
FIGURE 1.
Worker of
Tetragona clavipes
(
Fabricius, 1804
)
from Manacapuru (Amazonas,
Brazil
). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales:
0.5 mm
(A, B and C) and
1 mm
(D).
FIGURE 2.
Male of
Tetragona clavipes
(
Fabricius, 1804
)
from Bom Jardim de
Goiás
(
Goiás
,
Brazil
). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales:
0.5 mm
(A, B and C) and
1 mm
(D).
FIGURE 3.
Physogastric queen of
Tetragona clavipes
(
Fabricius, 1804
)
from Ribeirão Preto (
São Paulo
,
Brazil
). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales:
0.5 mm
(A, B and C) and
1 mm
(D).
FIGURE 4.
Heads of
Tetragona clavipes
(
Fabricius, 1804
)
in frontal view. A: from Atalaia do Norte (Amazonas,
Brazil
). B: from Careiro (Amazonas,
Brazil
). C: from Amajari (
Roraima
,
Brazil
). D: from Aripuanã (
Mato Grosso
,
Brazil
). E: from Acrelândia (
Acre
,
Brazil
). F: from
Casanare
(
Colombia
). G: from Campo Novo (
Rondônia
,
Brazil
). H: from Panguana (
Huánuco
,
Peru
). I: from Manacapuru (Amazonas,
Brazil
). Scales:
0.5 mm
.
FIGURE 5.
Lectotype
of
Centris clavipes
Fabricius, 1804
. A: Right metatibia (A), metasoma in dorsal view (B), body in left lateral view (C), head in frontal view (D), body in right lateral view (E), labels (F). Scales:
0.5 mm
(A, B and D) and
1 mm
(C and E).
FIGURE 6.
Nest entrances of
Tetragona clavipes
(
Fabricius,1804
)
. Iranduba, Amazonas,
Brazil
(A). Cacoal,
Rondônia
,
Brazil
(B). Viçosa,
Minas Gerais
,
Brazil
(C).
São Paulo
,
São Paulo
,
Brazil
(D). Coeroeni,
Suriname
(E). Fonts: David Nogueira (A, C, D), Odair Diogo da Silva (B), Ayrton Vollet-Neto (E).
FIGURE 7.
Sixth sternum of
Tetragona
Lepeletier & Serville, 1828
species
in ventral view:
T. clavipes
(
Fabricius, 1804
)
(A),
T. perangulata
(
Cockerell, 1917
)
(B),
T. quadrangula
(
Lepeletier, 1836
)
(C),
T. mourei
sp. nov.
(D),
T. essequiboensis
(
Schwarz, 1940
)
(E),
T. handlirschii
(Friese, 1900)
(F),
T. truncata
Moure, 1971
(G),
T. goettei
(Friese, 1900)
(H),
T. dorsalis
(
Smith, 1854
)
(I) and
T. ziegleri
(Friese, 1900)
(J). Scale:
0.5 mm
.
TABLE 3.
Nucleotide differences (%) between
Tetragona
and
Ptilotrigona
species
found from the comparison of the sequences available in the genbank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) provided by
Rasmussen & Cameron (2010)
. Bold = 16S; Italic = 28S. Differences greater than 8.63% were disregarded (-); *Northern Brazil; **Southeastern Brazil.
|
T. clavipes
*
|
T. clavipes
**
|
T. dissecta
|
T. perangulata
|
T. ziegleri
|
T. goettei
|
T. atahualpa
|
P. lurida
|
P. pereneae
|
|
T. clavipes
*
|
0 |
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.13
|
0.13
|
0.21
|
1.02
|
0.02
|
|
T. clavipes
**
|
1.89
|
0 |
0.39
|
0.52
|
0.52
|
0.52
|
0.27
|
1.42
|
0.55
|
|
T. dissecta
|
0.19
|
2.08
|
0 |
0.13
|
0.13
|
0.25
|
0.27
|
1.02
|
0.15
|
|
T. perangulata
|
2.46
|
3.78
|
2.65
|
0 |
0.26
|
0.26
|
0.27
|
1.15
|
0.28
|
|
T. ziegleri
|
5.68
|
6.43
|
5.87
|
5.49
|
0 |
0.37
|
0.13
|
0.86
|
0.99
|
|
T. goettei
|
4.56
|
5.31
|
4.75
|
4.18
|
5.89
|
0 |
0.38
|
1.11
|
0.23
|
|
T. atahualpa
|
8.63
|
8.1
|
-
|
8.29
|
7.94
|
8.33
|
0 |
1.02
|
0.02
|
|
P. lurida
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
0 |
0.12
|
|
P. pereneae
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
0.19
|
0 |
FIGURE 8.
Seventh sternum of
Tetragona
Lepeletier & Serville, 1828
species
in ventral view and apex of the median projection in lateral view:
T. clavipes
(
Fabricius, 1804
)
(A),
T. perangulata
(
Cockerell, 1917
)
(B),
T. quadrangula
(
Lepeletier, 1836
)
(C),
T. mourei
sp. nov.
(D),
T. essequiboensis
(
Schwarz, 1940
)
(E),
T. handlirschii
(Friese, 1900)
(F),
T. truncata
Moure, 1971
(G),
T. goettei
(Friese, 1900)
(H),
T. dorsalis
(
Smith, 1854
)
(I) and
T. ziegleri
(Friese, 1900)
(J). Scale:
0.5 mm
.
FIGURE 9.
Eighth sternum of
Tetragona
Lepeletier & Serville, 1828
species
in ventral view:
T. clavipes
(
Fabricius, 1804
)
(A),
T. perangulata
(
Cockerell, 1917
)
(B),
T. quadrangula
(
Lepeletier, 1836
)
(C),
T. mourei
sp. nov.
(D),
T. essequiboensis
(
Schwarz, 1940
)
(E),
T. handlirschii
(Friese, 1900)
(F),
T. truncata
Moure, 1971
(G),
T. goettei
(Friese, 1900)
(H),
T. dorsalis
(
Smith, 1854
)
(I) and
T. ziegleri
(Friese, 1900)
(J). Scale:
0.5 mm
.
FIGURE 10.
Genital capsule of
Tetragona
Lepeletier & Serville, 1828
species
in dorsal and ventral view:
T. clavipes
(
Fabricius, 1804
)
(A),
T. perangulata
(
Cockerell, 1917
)
(B),
T. quadrangula
(
Lepeletier, 1836
)
(C),
T. mourei
sp. nov.
(D),
T. essequiboensis
(
Schwarz, 1940
)
(E),
T. handlirschii
(Friese, 1900)
(F),
T. truncata
Moure, 1971
(G),
T. goettei
(Friese, 1900)
(H),
T. dorsalis
(
Smith, 1854
)
(I) and
T. ziegleri
(Friese, 1900)
(J). Scale:
0.5 mm
.
FIGURE 11.
Valve and basal bulb of
Tetragona
Lepeletier & Serville, 1828
species
in lateral view:
T. clavipes
(
Fabricius, 1804
)
(A),
T. perangulata
(
Cockerell, 1917
)
(B),
T. quadrangula
(
Lepeletier, 1836
)
(C),
T. mourei
sp. nov.
(D),
T. essequiboensis
(
Schwarz, 1940
)
(E),
T. handlirschii
(Friese, 1900)
(F),
T. truncata
Moure, 1971
(G),
T. goettei
(Friese, 1900)
(H),
T. dorsalis
(
Smith, 1854
)
(I) and
T. ziegleri
(Friese, 1900)
(J). Scale:
0.5 mm
.
FIGURE 12.
Records of the occurrence of
clavipes
species-group of
Tetragona
Lepeletier & Serville, 1828
. Scale in kilometers.
FIGURE 13.
Worker of
Tetragona quadrangula
(
Lepeletier, 1836
)
from Teresina de
Goiás
(
Goiás
,
Brazil
). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales:
0.5 mm
(A, B and C) and
1 mm
(D).
FIGURE 14.
Male of
Tetragona quadrangula
(
Lepeletier, 1836
)
from Lagoa da Confusão (
Tocantins
,
Brazil
). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view (D). Scales:
0.5 mm
(A, B and C) and
1 mm
(D).
FIGURE 15.
Nest entrance of
Tetragona quadrangula
(
Lepeletier, 1836
)
from
Goiás
,
Brazil
(A). Draw of nest entrance of
Tetragona perangulata
(
Cockerell, 1917
)
in top view with an arrow indicating the entrance (B). Fonts: Adriano Gonçalves (A) and David Nogueira (B).
FIGURE 16.
Worker of
Tetragona perangulata
(
Cockerell, 1917
)
from
Puntarenas
(
Costa Rica
). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales:
0.5 mm
(A, B and C) and
1 mm
(D).
FIGURE 17.
Male of
Tetragona perangulata
(
Cockerell, 1917
)
from
Colón
(
Panama
). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales:
0.5 mm
(A, B and C) and
1 mm
(D).
FIGURE 18.
Holotype
of
Tetragona mourei
sp. nov.
from Bom Jesus do
Piauí
(
Piauí
,
Brazil
) Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales:
0.5 mm
(A, B and C) and
1 mm
(D).
FIGURE 19.
Paratype
male of
Tetragona mourei
sp. nov.
from Lizarda (
Maranhão
,
Brazil
). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales:
0.5 mm
(A, B and C) and
1 mm
(D).
FIGURE 20.
Holotype
of
Tetragona korotaii
sp. nov.
from Coeroeni (
Suriname
). Metatibia (A), head in frontal view (B), metasoma in dorsal view (C) and body in lateral view. Scales:
0.5 mm
(A, B and C) and
1 mm
(D).
Key of
T. clavipes
species-group species (workers)
1. Hairs or setae inconspicuous and sparse on T2–T5 (
Fig. 20C
), being longer on the apical area of the terga; central area of T6 only with short branched hairs, smaller than the diameter of the flagellum; mandibular condyle yellowish brown (
Fig. 20B
); malar area and contour of the clypeus yellow (
Fig. 20B
); only known from
Suriname
..........
Tetragona korotaii
sp. nov.
- Hairs or setae conspicuous and abundant on T2–T5 (
Fig. 13C
); central area of T6 with elongated simple setae, larger than the diameter of the flagellum; mandibular condyle black (
Fig. 13B
); malar area and contour of the clypeus black (
Fig. 13B
); Neotropical region and beyond.......................................................................... 2
2(1). Paraocular maculation blurry (smoky) yellow (
Fig. 18B
) or not superiorly (
Figs. 16B
), from the vicinity of the epistomal suture obliquely upwards towards compound eye in line or below the inferior tangent of the antennal socket.................. 3
- Paraocular maculation yellow from the vicinity of tentorial pit obliquely upwards towards compound eye in line or below the inferior tangent of the antennal socket.................................................................... 4
3(2). Paraocular maculation yellow, from the upper portion of the epistomal suture to compound eye to the middle tangent of the antennal socket (
Fig. 16B
); T2 with a yellow longitudinal central line wider or equal to the diameter of the flagellum (
Fig. 16C
); T3 with a thin longitudinal central yellow line; metatibia yellow with brown or black areas; found in Central America,
Colombia
and
Ecuador
..............................................................
Tetragona perangulata
- Paraocular maculation smoky yellow superiorly, from the upper portion of the epistomal suture to compound eye to the inferior tangent of the antennal socket (
Fig. 18B
); T2 without yellow longitudinal central line, or with a yellow line less wide than the diameter of the flagellum (
Fig. 18C
); T3 without a thin longitudinal central yellow line; metatibia completely yellow; found in Brazilian Cerrado................................................................
Tetragona mourei
sp. nov.
4(2). Metafemur, metatibia and metabasitarsus yellow (
Fig. 13A, D
); nest entrance usually in the form of a narrow vertical gap with landing area made of rigid cerumen around (
Fig. 15A
); found in eastern and southeastern Amazon, central and southeastern
Brazil
............................................................................
Tetragona quadrangula
- Metafemur, metatibia and metabasitarsus brown with at least one black marking (
Fig. 1A, D
); nest entrance very variable, usually in form of slit in tree trunk without projections (
Fig. 6A, B, D
); with wide distribution from the eastern Andes to
Uruguay
.................................................................................................................................................................................
Tetragona clavipes