A new species of Macrosaccus (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) from Arizona, USA Author Eiseman, Charles S. Author Davis, Donald R. text Zootaxa 2017 2017-11-29 4358 2 385 392 journal article 31281 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.2.11 2d517638-f7f9-411c-a102-88124f3c638a 1175-5326 1068168 EC00185E-FA79-427C-BE98-C7C26B18BA3E Macrosaccus coursetiae , sp. nov. Figs. 1–7 Adult ( Figs. 1, 2 ). Forewing length 2.5–3.0 mm. Head: Frons white, smoothly scaled. Vertex rough, with scattered, erect, brownish piliform scales intermixed with white piliform scales; occipital area also rough, covered with mostly white, piliform scales. Labial palpus mostly black dorsally and laterally, white ventrally, and brown toward base. Antennal segments dusky with pale bases. FIGURES 1–2. Macrosaccus coursetiae adults. 1, LiVe specimen in resting pOsitiOn. 2, HOlOtype male. Thorax: Gray-brown above; white with black markings below. Forewing with ground of dusky-tipped white scales; patches of pure white scales forming more or less distinct oblique dorsal and costal streaks and an apical spot; dusky-tipped orange-brown scales forming several patches, mostly in the costal half; a basal streak of mostly pure orange-brown scales near the costal margin, these being the only orange-brown scales in the basal quarter of the wing; several small patches of black or black-tipped scales, these absent from the dorsal margin; fringe pale brown with a black subapical band. Hindwing (including fringe) gray-brown. Legs banded black and white, with patches of brown scales. FIGURES 3–6. Macrosaccus coursetiae . 3, Male genitalia: A, Phallus; B, Genital capsule. 4, Female genitalia: A, Lateral VieW; B, Ventral VieW. 5. LarVal mine in leaflet Of Coursetia glandulosa . 6, AbandOned leaf mine With pupal exuViae prOtruding frOm base Of leaflet. FIGURES 7–9. Coursetia glandulosa . 7, Basal pOrtiOn Of leaf With tWO mines Of Macrosaccus coursetiae (abaxial surface). 8, WhOle leaf (adaxial surface). 9, Detail Of stipules and tWig. Abdomen: Grayish brown dorsally, with dark brown spots laterally (~ one per segment); venter mostly white, with midventer pale brown. Male genitalia ( Figs. 3A–B ): Valva relatively simple, of uniform width and slightly curved throughout its length; apex truncate, with ventral margin of cucullus moderately produced and subacute; saccus a slender, elongate rod ~ 1.7× the length of valva. Phallus long (~ 3× the length of valva) and slender, with basal end slightly swollen and 2 minute spines present near apex. Female genitalia ( Figs. 4A–B ): Ostium broadly truncate. Ductus bursae broadest near caudal end, gradually narrowing anteriorly, and approximately equal in length to corpus bursae. Corpus bursae moderately broad and elliptical in shape, with 8–10 longitudinal rows of minute, acute spicules concentrated over anterior half of corpus; a relatively small accessory bursa arising from anterior third of ductus bursae and joined by an elongate, slender duct. Leaf mine ( Figs. 5–7 ). The larva forms a white blotch on the lower leaflet surface. Based on the two aborted mines examined, which measure 1 mm and 3 mm across, there is not an initial linear track as is sometimes present in gracillariid blotch mines. Ultimately the blotch occupies most of the lower leaflet surface and becomes tentiform, with numerous fine longitudinal folds, causing the lateral leaflet margins to curl downward. The upper leaflet surface becomes finely speckled with white as the larva consumes minute patches of palisade parenchyma. Upon emergence of the adult, the pupa is thrust through the lower epidermis at the base of the leaflet. Type material. Holotype : ♂ , UNITED STATES : Arizona : Pima Co. : Tucson , 10 Nov. 2012 , em. 18 Nov. – 5 Dec. 2012 , C. S. Eiseman & J. A. Blyth , ex Coursetia glandulosa , #CSE148, digital image captured ( USNM 00913184 ) . Paratypes: Same collection data as holotype: 9♂, slides USNM 34623♂, 34759♂; 7♀, slide 34760♀; wing venation slide USNM 34774♀, (USNM). Distribution. The entire type series was collected from a single shrub growing in a wash on the west side of Tucson, Arizona , USA . FIGURES 10–11. Chrysocharis walleyi . 1, Female. 2, Male. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the generic name of the host plant, Coursetia DC. The speciesgroup name of the moth is a latinized noun in genitive singular, gender feminine. It is combined with the generic name Macrosaccus of which the gender is masculine. Since the species-group name coursetiae is a noun in apposition its ending does not need to agree in gender with the generic name with which it is combined and must not be changed to agree in gender with the generic name (ICZN Art. 34.2.1). Diagnosis. The speckled appearance of the forewings, produced by the dark-tipped white scales, is unique among the known species of Macrosaccus . All other species have a ground color of solid pale orange-brown, and possess more well-defined costal (and often dorsal) strigulae. The male genitalia of M. coursetiae differ from those of all other Macrosaccus in possessing a truncate cucullus, with the distal-ventral margin of the cucullus subacute and not rounded. The wing venation of M. coursetiae agrees with that of M. robiniella (Davis & De Prins 2011 ) in all respects including the presence of 8 veins in the forewing and 5 veins in the hindwing. The general morphology of the female bursa, particularly the signa, associates M. coursetiae most closely with M. morrisella (Fitch) . TABLE 1. Hosts of Chrysocharis walleyi .

HOst insect	HOst plant	Leaf mine type	LOcatiOn	Reference
Phytomyza ilicis Curtis (AgrOmyzidae)	Ilex aquifolium L. ( AquifOliaceae )	upper surface blOtch	Canada: British COlumbia	YOshimOtO 1973
Cremastobombycia sp. ( Gracillariidae )	Artemisia douglasiana Besser (Asteraceae)	underside tentifOrm	USA: CalifOrnia	C. Eiseman (unpublished)
“ Lithocolletis ” sp. ( Gracillariidae )	Betula L. ( Betulaceae )	Lithocolletis may indicate Cameraria (upper surface blOtch) Or Phyllonorycter (underside tentifOrm)	Canada: NOVa ScOtia	YOshimOtO 1973
“ Lithocolletis ” sp. ( Gracillariidae )	Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. KOch ( Betulaceae )	see abOVe	Canada: Quebec	YOshimOtO 1973
“ Lithocolletis sp.” ( Gracillariidae )	Ulmus L. ( Ulmaceae )	see abOVe	Canada: NOVa ScOtia	YOshimOtO 1973
“ Lithocolletis ” sp. ( Gracillariidae )	nOt recOrded	see abOVe	Canada: OntariO	YOshimOtO 1973
Macrosaccus coursetiae Eiseman & DaVis (Gracillariidae)	Coursetia glandulosa A. Gray (Fabaceae)	underside tentifOrm	USA: ArizOna	this study
Phyllocnistis sp. ( Gracillariidae )	Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt. ex HOOk. & Arn.) D. Dietr. ( ROsaceae )	upper Or lOWer surface serpentine	USA: CalifOrnia	Gates et al . 2002
? Phyllocnistis sp. ( Gracillariidae )	Vitis californica Benth. (Vitaceae)	upper surface serpentine	USA: CalifOrnia	Gates et al . 2002
Phyllonorycter elmaella DOĞanlar & Mutuura 1980	Malus pumila Mill. (ROsaceae)	underside tentifOrm	Canada: British COlumbia	DOĞanlar & Beirne 1980
Phyllonorycter mespilella (Hübner) (Gracillariidae)	Cotoneaster Medik. (ROsaceae)	underside tentifOrm	USA: CalifOrnia	Gates et al . 2002
Phyllonorycter platani (Staudinger) (Gracillariidae)	Platanus racemosa Nutt. (Platanaceae)	underside tentifOrm	USA: CalifOrnia	Gates et al . 2002
Phyllonorycter salicifoliella (Chambers) (Gracillariidae)	Populus L. ( Salicaceae )	underside tentifOrm	Canada: OntariO	YOshimOtO 1973
Phyllonorycter salicifoliella (Chambers) (Gracillariidae)	nOt recOrded	underside tentifOrm	Canada: OntariO (multiple recOrds)	YOshimOtO 1973
Phyllonorycter salicifoliella (Chambers) (Gracillariidae)	Populus L. ( Salicaceae )	underside tentifOrm	USA: Maine	HanssOn 1987
Phyllonorycter sp. ( Gracillariidae )	Malus Mill. (ROsaceae)	underside tentifOrm	Canada: OntariO	YOshimOtO 1973
Phyllonorycter sp. ( Gracillariidae )	Populus tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae)	underside tentifOrm	Canada: OntariO	HanssOn 1987
Phyllonorycter sp. ( Gracillariidae )	Salix L. ( Salicaceae )	underside tentifOrm	USA: CalifOrnia	C. Eiseman (unpublished)
Phyllonorycter sp. ( Gracillariidae )	nOt recOrded	underside tentifOrm	Canada: OntariO	HanssOn 1987

......continued on the next page Host Plant ( Figs. 7–9 ). Adults were reared from Coursetia glandulosa A. Gray (Fabaceae) , the distribution of which is limited to southern Arizona in the USA , continuing through western and southern Mexico to Oaxaca . The genus Coursetia also occurs from the southern tip of Texas south to northern Argentina ( Lavin 1988 ) . Although no flowers or fruit were present at the time of collection, the leaf shape, stipules, and twig color and shape were sufficient to distinguish the host plant from similar fabaceous shrubs found in the same habitat and locality (L. Crumbacher, in litt. ). TABLE 1. (COntinued)

HOst insect	HOst plant	Leaf mine type	LOcatiOn	Reference
Porphyrosela desmodiella (Clemens) (Gracillariidae)	Desmodium DesV. ( Fabaceae )	underside tentifOrm	USA: ArizOna	Eiseman et al . 2017
? Stigmella sp. ( Nepticulidae )	Frangula californica (Eschsch.) A. Gray (Rhamnaceae)	upper surface serpentine	USA: CalifOrnia	Gates et al . 2002
“ Tischeria sp.” ( Tischeriidae )	Quercus rubra L. ( Fagaceae )	nOt recOrded (tischeriids fOrm trumpet Or blOtch mines, sOme strOngly Wrinkled)	USA: COnnecticut	HanssOn 1987
“ Tischeria sp.” ( Tischeriidae )	nOt recOrded	see abOVe	Canada: OntariO	HanssOn 1987
“ Tischeria ” sp. ( Tischeriidae )	nOt recOrded	see abOVe	Canada: Quebec	YOshimOtO 1973
LepidOpteran leafminer	Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. ROb. ( Asteraceae )	nOt recOrded	MexicO: MOrelOs	HanssOn 1987

Parasitoids. A single adult of Chrysocharis walleyi Yoshimoto (Eulophidae) was reared along with the type series of Macrosaccus coursetiae .