The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome Author Denk, Thomas Author Sami, Marco Author Teodoridis, Vasilis Author Martinetto, Edoardo text Fossil Imprint 2022 2022-08-26 78 1 217 262 http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.009 journal article 10.37520/fi.2022.009 2533-4069 7167867 Pterocarya aff. fraxinifolia (POIR.) SPACH, 1834 Text-fig. 9f, g M a t e r i a l. Oriolo MSF 632, 632-1, 632-2. D e s c r i p t i o n. Leaflet, fruits, leaflet oblong, 62 mm long, 30 mm wide, apex acuminate, secondary venation brochidodromous, margin bluntly serrate, fruit a winged nut, nut and lateral wings 15 mm wide. R e m a r k s. It is difficult to decide, on the basis of fruit and leaflet morphology, when the fossil-species name P . limburgensis has to be abandoned in favour of the name of the modern Euxinian-Hyrcanian species, P . fraxinifolia . Middle Pleistocene material from Central Italy has previously been referred to as P . fraxinifolia ( Follieri 1958 ) . Population genetic studies of P . fraxinifolia ( Maharramova et al. 2018 ) suggest that the most recent common ancestor of P . fraxinifolia dates back to 0.91 Ma (1.94–0.04 Ma 95 % highest posterior density). Within the species, haplotypes of the Colchic-Caucasian region diverged at 0.69 Ma (1.94–0.04 95 % highest posterior density). This suggests that the leaflet and fruit from Oriolo might well represent early members of the modern species.