Shifting the known richness of Paramycodrosophila Duda, 1924 (Diptera: Drosophilidae): the description of nineteen new species in the Neotropical region Author Frech-Telles, Marcos Henrique Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Author Gottschalk, Marco Silva Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Author Valente-Gaiesky, Vera Lúcia da Silva Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. & Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. text Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 2024 e 20230105 2024-07-15 68 1 113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0105 journal article 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0105 1806-9665 13198855 9B74F533-C4F5-45A8-A614-C0786439F7A6 Paramycodrosophila mantiqueira n. sp. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E98E99AB-B49E-4851-9774-13589A437279 ( Figs. 45 , 46 , 84A , 91A ) Material examined : Holotype male, labelled as follows:“BRA [= Brazil ] – RJ [= State of Rio de Janeiro ] – PARNA [= National Park ] de Itatiaia ( 22°26’09.58”S , 44°36’28.1”W ) Data: 18.i.2021 - 29.i.2021 Col. : Telles MHF OBS.: Armadilha [=Trap] Malaise”; “ Paramycodrosophila mantiqueira n. sp. Frech-Telles, Valente-Gaiesky, Gottschalk, ♂ Holotype ” [ MZUSP ]. Diagnosis . Flies dark with several lighter areas forming a mottled pattern; very prominent black ocellar triangle; scutum mostly dark brown with lighter areas fused resembling an uppercase “M”; legs with femora and tibiae yellow with two dark brown rings each, femora with one basal and one sub-apical and tibiae with one sub-basal and one sub-apical; wing infuscated with a very large, broad, apically round, black costal lappet; abdomen with yellow and brown tergites. Posterior hypandrial process present. Postgonites “L”-shaped. Phallus tubular, narrow, projected ventrally, with two antero-posterior, rounded, more membranous projections dorsally; in lateral view the phallotrema lateral margins seem concave. Description . Holotype . Head ( Figs. 45A, C ): yellow with black and dark brown marks; eyes red, pubescent; face with a narrow prominent carina, light yellow with dorsal half black, dark marks near vibrissae; parafacialia light yellow; scape brown; pedicel brown, apically lighter; flagellomere 1 black, basal third yellow, compressed; arista with seven dorsal and one ventral branches, and terminal fork; frons yellow with brown marks; fronto-orbital plate tan, brown posterior to the p rc frorb s; fronto-orbital setae black; distance between pc frorb s and a rc frorb s = 0.02 mm , between pc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.09 mm , and between a rc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.07 mm ; frontal vitta brown, yellow near the ptilinal suture; frontal triangle yellow darker at the margins of ocellar triangle, large; postocellar setae black, crossing near tip; genae yellow, black at the ventral margin and under the eye near the vibrissa; palps black, large; labrum light yellow; labellum black. Thorax ( Figs. 45B, C ): yellow with brown marks; scutum yellow with brown marks; v1 greyish, fine; v2 yellow, only apparent in the first anterior quarter; v3 dark brown; v4 yellow, fine, with greyish marks; v5 dark brown; v6 yellow with a large dark brown mark in the supra alar region; v3 converges and fuse medially; external margin of postpronotal lobe dark brown; transverse suture dark brown mark; brown spot anterior to the transversal suture; base of the setae with brown spots except in postpronotum; postpronotum light yellow almost white; six irregular rows of acrostichal setulae, acrostichal setulae absent posterior to the height of anterior dorsocentral setae; mid acrostichal row with thicker and larger setulae posteriorly; second pair of acrostichal row consisting of two to three setulae; anterior dorsocentral setae about 1/2 the length of the posterior dorsocentral setae; scutellum dark brown with lighter lateral margin anterior to the base of apical setae, base of the basal setae with a dark brown mark; basal scutellar setae parallel, curved inwards; apical scutellar setae convergent curved inwards, crossing; pleura yellow with brown marks; proepisternum black with ventral half light; anepisternum yellow with dark brown dorsal and posterior margins, large brown spot at its center fusing partially with marks at the margins; anepimeron yellow with brown transversal band; katepisternum brown with ventral half light yellow; meron light yellow; legs yellow with brown marks; coxae yellow with brown marks. Wings ( Fig. 45F ): faint darker patch present bellow costal lappet, lighter patch after the costal lappet and along Cu; R 2+3 slightly curved to costal at its tip; R 4+5 and M 1 parallel; halter light slightly darker basely; index: C = 2.00, ac = 3.10, hb = 0.63, 4c = 1.19, 4v = 2.12, 5x = 1.89, M = 0.69, prox. x = 0.46. Length = 2.22 mm , width = 1.02 mm . Abdomen ( Figs. 45D, E ): T1 brown; T2 brown sub-laterally interrupted in yellow, anterior faint yellow spot sub-laterally of the large brown area; T3 brown sub-laterally interrupted in yellow, anterior yellow spot sub-laterally of the large brown area; T4 brown sub-laterally interrupted in yellow, large anterior yellow mark sub-laterally of the large brown area reaching the anterior margin; T5 yellow, laterally brown, caudal brown band which enlarges medially towards the anterior margin, sub-laterally yellow; T6 brown, long transversal yellow mark at the anterior margin medially interrupted in brown; sternites progressively darker from first to last; intersegmental membranes light. Terminalia ( Figs. 46 , 91A ): epandrium is approximately equal width and length, with microtrichia, with 16 upper setae at the internal margin; ventral lobe large, glabrous, with at least seven long setae. Cerci not fused to the epandrium, with microtrichia, with very long setae, hypoproctal plate present. Surstylus with a row of around 9 prensisetae, a row of long inner and a row of three shorter outer setae. Hypandrium, longer than wide, squarish; shorter than epandrium with a narrow posterior hypandrial process. Pregonites large fused to the hypandrium, not fused medially, with a seta near the fusion with postgonite. Postgonites slim and long, the ventral section of the postgonite connects with the pregonite near its anterior margin; the posterior sections of postgonites are slightly asymmetrical and slightly ornated with projections apically; the posterior sections of postgonites are longer than the ventral section. Phallotrema is round. Phallapodeme is smaller than phallus and straight. Body length : 2.34mm . Etymology . Named in reference to the Mantiqueira mountain range, where the holotype was collected.