Shifting the known richness of Paramycodrosophila Duda, 1924 (Diptera: Drosophilidae): the description of nineteen new species in the Neotropical region Author Frech-Telles, Marcos Henrique Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Author Gottschalk, Marco Silva Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Author Valente-Gaiesky, Vera Lúcia da Silva Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. & Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. text Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 2024 e 20230105 2024-07-15 68 1 113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0105 journal article 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0105 1806-9665 13198855 9B74F533-C4F5-45A8-A614-C0786439F7A6 Paramycodrosophila blauthae n. sp. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7F0AD4D5-2499-46D0-BC45-4E12C2462AE3 ( Figs. 3-6 , 81B , 85A , 89B ) Material examined : Holotype male, labelled as follows: “BRA [= Brazil ] – MG [ State of Minas Gerais ] – Bocaina de Minas ( 22°19’46.69”S , 44°32’31.3”W ) Data [Date]: 05.xii.2020 - 20.xii.2020 Col. [=Collector]: Telles MHF; Vicenzi N OBS.: Armadilha [=Trap] Malaise”; “ Paramycodrosophila blauthae n. sp. Frech-Telles, Valente-Gaiesky, Gottschalk, ♂ Holotype ” [ MZUSP ]. Paratype : female, labelled as follows: “BRA [= Brazil ] – RJ [= State of Rio de Janeiro ] – PES [= State Park ] da Pedra Selada ( 22°19’58.47”S , 44°32’11.14”W ) Data: 22.xii.2020 - 05.i.2021 Col. : Telles MHF; Vicenzi N OBS.: Armadilha [=Trap] Malaise”; “ Paramycodrosophila blauthae n. sp. Frech-Telles, Valente-Gaiesky, Gottschalk, ♀ Paratype ” [ MZUSP ] . Diagnosis . Flies yellow with black and dark brown marks; scutum yellow with many brown markings, brown marking in the middle of scutum resembling the letter “X”; pleura with katepisternum light yellow with dorsal half dark brown; legs tan with brown marks in the mid and hind femora medially; wings hyaline with a large black apically roundish lappet; abdomen yellow with black and brown marks; T6 yellow, laterally brown at anterior margin. Phallus tubular and projected ventrally, in ventral view the phallus is gets continuously wider from its base to the middle of the phallotrema section; in lateral view it gets narrower at its apex; the phallotrema is diamond-shaped; the phallus is micro ornated dorsally and at its apex. Description . Holotype ( Figs. 3 , 4 , 81B , 89B ). Head ( Fig. 3A ): yellow with black and dark brown marks; eyes red, pubescent; face dorsally brown, medially light yellow, ventrally black forming continuous band to the second genal setae; carina light yellow, prominent, narrow; scape apically light yellow; pedicel basally brownish yellow, apically light yellow; flagellomere 1 light yellow with brown band medially, compressed, mango-shaped; left arista with five dorsal, right arista with six dorsal branches, one ventral branch, terminal fork; frons light yellow and brown; fronto-orbital plate yellow, brown spot at the base of p rc frorb s; fronto-orbital setae black, a rc frorb s lateral of pc frorb s; distance between pc frorb s and a rc frorb s = 0.03 mm , between pc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.07 mm , and between a rc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.06 mm ; frontal vitta light brown; frontal triangle yellow, large; ocellar triangle black, prominent; postocellar setae black, crossing at the tip; genae light yellow with black mark under the eye near vibrissa, brownish near the base of the third and fourth genal setae; palps dark brown to black, large; labellum dark brown. Thorax ( Figs. 3B, C ): yellow with brown marks; scutum yellow with two sub-medial brown marks anteriorly parallel reaching the anterior dorsocentral setae, longitudinal yellow band external to the longitudinal brown marks, fine gray line medially, dark brown posteriorly, cross-shaped mark in the center of scutum partially formed by partially fused spots; supra-alar region brown; base of the notopleural and dorsocentral setae with brown spots; postpronotum light yellow; external margin of postpronotum brown; four irregular rows of acrostichal setulae which become scarce posterior to the anterior dorsocentral setae and absent posterior to posterior dorsocentral setae, anterior dorsocentral setae smaller than posterior dorsocentral setae; scutellum dark brown, gradually lighter towards lateral and posterior margins, dark spots at the base of scutellar setae; basal scutellar setae convergent, almost straight, slightly curved inwards; apical scutellar setae convergent, slightly curved inwards, crossing; pleura light yellow with brown marks; proepisternum, anepimeron and anepisternum light yellow with dorsal transversal bands forming a continuous dark brown band; katepisternum light yellow, dorsal half dark brown; meron yellow; legs tan, mid and hind femora with brown marks medially. Wings ( Fig. 3F ): faint darker patch present bellow costal lappet; R 4+5 and M 1 parallel; halter light yellow; index: C = 1.34, ac = 3.61, hb = 1.00, 4c = 1.76, 4v = 2.68, 5x = 3.00, M = 1.05, prox. x = 0.62. Length = 1.89 mm , width = 0.89 mm . Abdomen ( Figs. 3D, E ): tergites yellow with black marks; T1 yellow, laterally black; T2 black, interrupted medially and sub-laterally in yellow; T3 black with two yellow spots, interrupted medially and sub-laterally in yellow, the yellow spots are anterior and sub-lateral to the large black areas; T4 yellow, caudal black band interrupted sub-laterally in yellow, the band enlarges medially similar to a triangle and reaches the anterior margin laterally; T5 yellow, one medial large droplet-shaped black spot, laterally brown; sternites light yellow; intersegmental membranes light. Terminalia ( Figs. 4 , 89B ): epandrium with approximately equal width and length, with microtrichia, with eight upper and two lateral setae; ventral lobe small, glabrous, with one long and one shorter apical setae. Cerci not fused to epandrium, with microtrichia, and with large setae, hypoproctal plate present, ventral cecal lobes present with two lateral and at least one apical seta each. Subepandrial sclerite wide. Surstylus connected to the epandrium, with prensisetae arranged in a dorsal line, at least five long outer setae. Hypandrium slightly longer than wide, squarish, smaller than epandrium. Pregonites narrow, fused laterally to the hypandrium, with a seta near its center, not fused medially. Postgonites short thick and straight, containing approximately three setulae near the fusion with pregonite. Phallapodeme is about the same length as the phallus, slightly curved ventrally. Body length : 1.94mm . Paratype remarks : female ( Figs. 5 , 6 , 85A ): scutum is darker posterior to the cross shape; scutellum dark is dark brown and laterally yellow from its base up to the apical scutellar setae; apical scutellar setae divergent. Abdomen: T5 is like T4; T6 is yellow with a black caudal medial triangular spot and laterally black; T7 is yellow. S7 with microtrichia and with 8 setulae. Wing index: C = 1.60, ac = 3.71, hb = 0.84, 4c = 1.70, 4v = 2.81, 5x = 2.73, M = 1.11, prox. x = 0.65. Length = 1.91 mm , width = 0.94 mm . Terminalia ( Fig. 6 ): T8 with microtrichia in the dorsal region; epiproct and hypoproct with microtrichia, with many long and some smaller setae; oviscapt vale sclerotinized, long, squarish at the tip in lateral view; four large peg-like ovisensilla on the posterior margin, horizontal row of five peg-like ovisensilla on the apical ventral margin, around 11 tiny pegs on the ventral margin. Spermathecal capsule sclerotized, dome-shaped, roundish, one sub-basal ring groove, and a depression apically; introvert 3/4 the total length of the capsule. Body length : 2.09 mm . Etymology . Named after Dr. Monica Laner Blauth, drosophilist and geneticist, whose contribution was instrumental to this work.