Shifting the known richness of Paramycodrosophila Duda, 1924 (Diptera: Drosophilidae): the description of nineteen new species in the Neotropical region Author Frech-Telles, Marcos Henrique Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Author Gottschalk, Marco Silva Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Author Valente-Gaiesky, Vera Lúcia da Silva Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. & Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. text Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 2024 e 20230105 2024-07-15 68 1 113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0105 journal article 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0105 1806-9665 13198855 9B74F533-C4F5-45A8-A614-C0786439F7A6 Paramycodrosophila boldrinii n. sp. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 62E1B832-3CB5-4FCF-8A31-68BF86249266 ( Figs. 9 , 10 , 81D , 89D ) Material examined : Holotype male, labelled as follows: “ Brasil , Roraima , Caracaraí , PARNA [= National Park ] Viruá , 1°29’23”N ; 61°0’12”W , 1-15/iv/2016 , JA Rafael; R Boldrini, armadilha [=Trap] Malaise”; “ Paramycodrosophila boldrinii n. sp. Frech-Telles, Valente-Gaiesky, Gottschalk, ♂ Holotype ” [ INPA ] . Holotype condition: Wrinkled. Diagnosis . Flies yellow with several brown areas forming a mottled pattern; scutum yellow with brown marks; pleura with continual light yellow band above katepisternum; legs with femora with darker medial mark; tibiae slightly darker basally; wings hyaline with apically pointy large black costal lappet; abdomen with yellow and black tergites. Phallus tubular and projected ventrally, in ventral view the phallus is 2x wider near the phallotrema section with the apical squarish bulbous membranous structure, in lateral view the bulbous membranous structure is narrow and curved dorsally; the lateral margins of phallotrema are more sclerotinized surrounded by more membranous region resembling a flap; the phallus is micro-ornated ventrally with small spikes posterior to the phallotrema. Description . Holotype . Head ( Figs. 9A, C ): yellow with darker marks; eyes greyish red, pubescent; face brown; carina yellow, large, prominent; scape covered; pedicel brown, apical half lighter; flagellomere 1 brown, basal margin yellow, compressed, mango-shaped; arista with four dorsal and one ventral branches, and terminal fork; frons yellow and brown; orbital plate greyish, slightly darker at p rc frorb s; fronto-orbital setae black; distance between pc frorb s and a rc frorb s = 0.02 mm , between pc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.07 mm , and between a rc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.06 mm ; frontal vitta yellow, brown posterior to p rc frorb s; frontal triangle yellow; ocellar triangle dark brown almost black, prominent; postocellar setae black, not crossing; genae yellow, dark brown at the ventral margin, faint brown at the ventral margin of the eye; clypeus, palps, labrum and labellum brown. Thorax ( Figs. 9B, C ): yellow and brown with darker marks; scutum light brown with several lighter brown marks, two longitudinal brown bands anteriorly parallel sub-medially converging and fusing medially at the height of the supra-alar region, after fusing the bands diverges posteriorly resembling a triangle shape, the triangle shape is fainter medially; fine gray line between the parallel brown marks; postpronotum light yellow; six irregular rows of acrostichal setulae which become scarce posterior to the anterior dorsocentral setae; anterior dorsocentral setae smaller than posterior; transverse suture with a brown mark that advances posteriorly; scutellum dark brown with lighter margins from its base until the base of the apical scutellar setae, slightly darker at base of setae; basal scutellar setae parallel, curved inwards; apical scutellar setae convergent, curved inwards, almost meeting at the tip; proepisternum brown, transversal lighter band medially; anepisternum yellow, brown apically and at the posterior margin; anepimeron in shades of brown; katepisternum with dorsal half brown; meron brownish; legs tan. Wings ( Fig. 9F ): faint darker patch present bellow costal lappet; R 4+5 and M 1 parallel; halter yellow, basally darker; index: C = 1.45, ac = 2.94, hb = 0.83, 4c = 1.57, 4v = 2.33, 5x = 2.60, M = 0.87, prox. x = 0.57. Length = 1.42 mm , width = 0.66 mm . Abdomen ( Figs. 9D, E ): T1 brownish yellow; T2 dark brown, interrupted sub-laterally in yellow, faint yellow spot at the anterior margin medially; T3 dark brown sub-laterally interrupted in yellow; T4 yellow, sub-laterally yellow, laterally dark brown, dark brown caudal band, the lateral of the band reaches the anterior margin, band enlarged medially; T5 yellow, triangle shaped medial mark from the posterior margin to the anterior margin, the mark points anteriorly; T6 dark brown, fainter medially; sternites brown; intersegmental membranes light. Terminalia ( Figs. 10 , 89D ): epandrium with approximately equal width and length, with microtrichia, with 10 upper and one lateral setae; ventral lobe narrow, glabrous, with one basal and two long apical setae. Cerci not fused to epandrium, glabrous, and with large setae, hypoproctal plate present, ventral cecal lobes present with four setae each. Subepandrial sclerite wide, connecting the surstyli, sclerotinized. Surstylus connected to the epandrium, with prensisetae arranged in a line, about four longer inner setae and four shorter outer setae. Hypandrium, longer than wider, slightly shorter than epandrium. Pregonites large, fused to the hypandrium, with a seta near the fusion with the postgonite, not fused medially. Postgonites elongated and straight in lateral view, containing approximately three setulae near the fusion with pregonite. Phallotrema is roundish. Phallapodeme is shorter than phallus and almost straight. Body length : 1.38 mm . Etymology . Named after Dr.Rafael Boldrini, entomologist and one of collectors of the holotype .