A review of the spider genus Singaporemma (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae), with the description of a new species Author Yan, Fanhu Author Lin, Yucheng text Zootaxa 2018 2018-03-09 4392 2 329 346 journal article 30560 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.6 029d4e90-6c66-413a-ab4a-a8f431ad0671 1175-5326 1195449 E0D597C5-194B-4EF0-AD6D-3A178F8DD2F7 Singaporemma takensis sp. n. Figures 3A–H , 4A–E , 5A–D , 6G–g Examined material. Holotype ♂ , paratypes 4♀ ( NHMSU ), THAILAND : Tak , Tha Song Yang District , Bam Thung Tham subdistrict, an anonymous cave, 17°16.603'N , 98°11.497'E , altitude 169 m , 19 November 2016 , H. Zhao and Y. Li leg. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective. Diagnosis. Male of this new species can be distinguished from S. bifurcata and S. wulongensis by the embolic tip without any bifurcation, but furcate in the latter two ( Fig. 6g vs. Fig. 6e, 6f ); from S. adjacens by the narrower embolus, but wider, belt-shaped in the latter ( Fig. 6g vs. Fig. 6h ); from S. halongense , S. banxiaoensis , S. singulare , and S. lenachanae by the nearly right-angle bending embolus at distally one third position, and the sharply pointed embolic tip ( Figs 4B, D–E , 6G, g vs. Fig. 6A–D, 6a–d ), but straight embolus except distal tip in the latter four ( Fig. 6A–D ), and knife-shaped embolic tip in S. singulare ( Fig. 6c ). Female of this new species differs from S. singulare and S. lenachanae by the presence of central process, but absent in the latter two ( Fig. 5C–D vs. Fig. 9A–B ); from S. adjacens and S. halongense by the presence of inner vulval plate, but absent in the latter two ( Fig. 5C–D vs. Fig. 7A–B ); from S. banxiaoensis by the longer central process, but shorter in the latter ( Fig. 5D vs. Fig. 7C ); from S. bifurcata and S. wulongensis by having a nearly oval-shaped inner vulval plate, but “Ω”-shaped in the latter two ( Fig. 5C–D vs. Fig. 8A–B ). FIGURE 3. Singaporemma takensis sp. n. male holotype (A–B, E, G) and female paratype (C–D, F, H). A–F, habitus; G–H, prosoma. A, C, dorsal; B, D, ventral; E–F, lateral; G–H, anterior. Scale bars: 0.50 for A–F, 0.20 for G–H. FIGURE 4. Singaporemma takensis sp. n. male holotype. A, Palpal bulb, ventral; B, embolus, prolateral; C, left palp, anterior; D, ditto, prolateral; E, ditto, retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.20 for A, C–E, 0.05 for B. FIGURE 5. Singaporemma takensis sp. n. female paratype. A, opisthosoma, ventral; B, genital area, ventral; C, genital area (lactic acid-treated), ventral; D, vulva (lactic acid-treated), dorsal. Scale bars: 0.20 for A–B, 0.10 for C–D. FIGURE 6. Singaporemma spp. male left palp (A–H) and embolic tips (a–h). A–a, S. halongense (paratype); B–b, S. banxiaoensis (holotype); C–c, S. singulare (holotype); D–d, S. lenachanae (paratype); E–e, S. wulongensis (holotype); F–f, S. bifurcata (topotype); G–g, S. takensis sp. n. (holotype); H–h, S. adjacens (holotype, photographed by Dr. Seppo Koponen). A– G, a–g, prolateral; H, h, retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.10 for A–H, 0.05 for a–h. FIGURE 7. Singaporemma spp. female genital area and cleared vulva (A–C). A, S. adjacens B, S. halongense C, S. banxiaoensis (paratype); A–B, ventral (cited from Lehtinen, 1981, slightly modified); C, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.10. FIGURE 8. Singaporemma spp. female genital area and cleared vulva (A–B). A, S. bifurcata (topotype); B, S. wulongensis (paratype); A–B, ventral. Scale bars: 0.10. FIGURE 9. Singaporemma spp. female genital area and cleared vulva (A–B). A, S. singulare (specimen from type locality); B, S. lenachanae (paratype); A–B, ventral. Scale bars: 0.10. FIGURE 10. Distribution records of Singaporemma spp. in the world. White balloon— S. adjacens ; Blue balloon— S. banxiaoensis ; Red-black circle— S. bifurcata ; Red round— S. halongense ; Red triangle— S. lenachanae ; Red balloon— S. singulare ; Red-black concentric circle— S. takensis sp. n. ; Yellow square— S. wulongensis . Description. Male ( holotype ). Measurements: total length 1.12; carapace 0.45 long, 0.38 wide, 0.36 high; abdomen 0.79 long, 0.60 wide, 0.60 high; clypeus 0.14 high; sternum 0.28 long, 0.30 wide. Legs yellowish-brown Length of legs: I 1.35 (0.45, 0.13, 0.32, 0.22, 0.23); II 1.25 (0.40, 0.12, 0.30, 0.21, 0.22); III 1.15 (0.34, 0.12, 0.26, 0.21, 0.22); IV 1.48 (0.48, 0.13, 0.37, 0.26, 0.24). Prosoma ( Fig. 3A–B, E, G ): reddish-yellow, carapace finely reticulated, except for the radial grooves in thoracic area, marginally rugose ( Fig. 3A, E ); six eyes, white with black ocular base, ALE>PLE>PME, ALE and PLE adjacent, AER slightly recurved ( Fig. 3A ); cephalic part raised, top flat ( Fig. 3E ); clypeus high, sloping forward, with sparse setae, marginally rectangular; chelicerae lacking any horns or processes, cheliceral lamina well developed ( Fig. 3G ); endites basally wide, distally narrow, labium triangular, distally blunt ( Fig. 3B ); sternum finely reticulated, scutellate, marginally rugose, posterior corner truncated ( Fig. 3B ). Legs: cuticle striated; all tibiae with 3 trichobothria, and one on metatarsi I–IV. Opisthosoma ( Fig. 3A–B, E ): cuticular slightly pale, dorsal scutum oval, finely reticulated, posteriorly truncated ( Fig. 3A ); ventral scutum reticulated ( Fig. 3B ); lateral scutum I long, and exceeding beyond the posterior margin of preanal scutum ( Fig. 3E ); perigenital scutum absent; postgential scutum slightly precurved, mesially narrow, laterally wide ( Fig. 3B ); preanal scutum approximately oblong ( Fig. 3B ). Palp ( Figs 4A–E , 6G, g ): femoral cuticle granulated, about 3 times longer than patella; patella short, proximally narrow, distally wide; tibia large, extremely swollen, about 3 times wider than femur ( Figs 4A–B , 6G ); cymbium triangular from lateral view, bearing long setae ( Fig. 4C–D ); bulb egg-shaped, surface smooth ( Figs 4A–B , 6G ); embolus long, tubular, distinctly sclerotized, starting from the subapical position of bulb ( Figs 4A, C, D , 6G ), almost formed a right angle and bend at distal one third part ( Figs 4B, D , 6G ); embolic tip sharply pointed, lamellar ( Fig. 4B ). Female (one of paratypes ). Measurements: total length 1.18; carapace 0.48 long, 0.40 wide, 0.38 high; abdomen 0.77 long, 0.60 wide, 0.54 high; clypeus 0.14 high; sternum 0.29 long, 0.30 wide. Length of legs: I 1.35 (0.44, 0.13, 0.32, 0.23, 0.23); II 1.27 (0.41, 0.13, 0.29, 0.22, 0.22); III 1.16 (0.36, 0.12, 0.26, 0.21, 0.21); IV 1.49 (0.47, 0.14, 0.38, 0.26, 0.24). Prosoma ( Fig. 3C–D, F, H ) as in male, but colour deeper than in male. Clypeus smooth, palps distinctly reduced. Legs as in male. Opisthosoma ( Figs 3C–D, F , 5A ): dorsal and ventral scuta as in male, except for darker coloration ( Fig. 3C–D ); lateral scutum I long, extending beyond posterior margin of preanal scutum; perigenital scuta small, oval; postgenital scutum long, bearing a row of setae, mesially narrow, laterally wide ( Fig. 5B ); preanal scutum weakly rugose, wider than long, subretangular, with sparse serrated setae ( Fig. 5A ). Epigyne and vulva ( Fig. 5A–D ): epigynal pit distinct, oval, opening at the margin of the pulmonary scutum ( Fig. 5A–B ); vulval posterior margin strongly sclerotized ( Fig. 5C, D ); vulval dorsal plate rhombic, fused to vulval posterior margin ( Fig. 5C, D ); vulval stem triangular ( Fig. 5C ); vulval ducts wide, translucent; lateral horns weakly sclerotized, forming a “V”-shape, distally reflexed ( Fig. 5C ); seminal receptacula rugose, transparent, and membranous; inner vulval plate transversely oblong, strongly sclerotized, wider than central process ( Fig. 5C–D ); central process straight, clavate, basally contracted, distally beyond inner vulval plate ( Fig. 5C–D ). Distribution. Thailand ( Fig. 10 ).