A herpetological survey of the Kathmandu Valleyı Nepalı and phylogenetic identification of Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi Author O, Kyle A. Author Connell Author Aryal, Prakash C. Author Sherchan, Adarsh M. Author Dhakal, Bimala Author Chaudhary, Hemanta Kumari Author Ranabhat, Rishi Author Karmacharya, Dibesh text Journal of Natural History 2019 2019-09-05 53 23 1421 1437 journal article 24022 10.1080/00222933.2019.1655106 c54a2573-abdd-42a7-aec3-4d657e4d8661 1464-5262 3670114 Nanorana liebigii Figures 1 and 2 (b – d); Tables 2 , S 1 specimens examined : CMDN-A 67, 86, 90, 152, 153, 166. Distribution in the KTM Valley : Encountered at Nagarkot, Godawari, Shivapuri National Park west and east. Pokhrel et al. (2011) also reported this species from Nagarjun NP. Remarks : Nanorana liebigii is relatively common in forested areas with streams; we encountered seven adult individuals at four localities, and two larvae ( Table 2 , Figure 1 ). Individuals were most commonly encountered 1 – 5 metres from running water, within the forest, although one individual was next to a road along a waterway. When approached, individuals were not calling and did not move when approached. The tadpoles were encountered in a fast-moving stream in dense forest ( Figure 2 (e)). We encountered all seven adults near slow-moving streams. We always found this species in sympatry with Megophrys zhangi ( Figure 1 ). Reproductive males usually exhibit secondary sexual traits such as keratinised pectoral spines, spines on the fingers and metacarpal tubercle, and exhibit a swollen anal region in the form of a circular bladder ( Schleich and Kastle 2002 ; Ohler and Dubois 2006 ). However, none of the five adults we encountered exhibited these characters, possibly because we surveyed after the active breeding season ( Figure 2 (d)). Past work has relied on variable morphological characters to distinguish Nanorana in this region ( Ohler and Dubois 2006 ); we hypothesise that future studies using molecular sequence data will likely uncover cryptic species within the KTM Valley. Measurements (n = 1): SVL = 94.4 mm , HL = 21.2 mm , HW = 30.9 mm , snout = 9.0 mm, internarial = 8 mm , eye = 6.4 mm , tympanum = absent, antebrachium = 16.1 mm , hand = 20.4 mm , thigh = 37.3 mm , shank = 44.7 mm , foot = 66.7 mm .