Systematics of Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini) Author Kruse, James J. Author Powell, Jerry A. text Zootaxa 2009 2009-07-06 2150 1 1 78 https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2150.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.2150.1.1 1175­5334 5311432 32. Sparganothoides cornutana Kruse and Powell , new species Figs. 38 , 60 , 94 Diagnosis . Sparganothoides cornutana is superficially similar to S. canorisana and S. capitiornata , but the apices of the socius/gnathos arms are not lobed in S. cornutana . Sparganothoides cornutana appears to be most closely related to S. broccusana , but in S. cornutana the apex of the socius/gnathos arm is parallel-sided as in S. aciculana . Description . Male . Head : Frons yellowish white, smooth scaled; vertex roughened, yellowish white or brownish yellow to golden yellow; two exoskeletal protuberances between mesal-posterior margins of compound eyes; dense clump of small white to yellowish white scales between protuberances, extending mesally along vertex between eyes and antennae. Labial palpus white mesally, yellowish white to brownish yellow laterally. Antennal scaling yellowish white to brownish yellow, often with dark brown scales. Thorax : Smooth scaled laterally, brownish yellow or golden yellow; dense column of short white to yellowish white scales mesally; tegula with clump of small orange or brown pointed scales at apex giving tegula truncate appearance. Forewing length 6.9–8.4 mm (= 7.6; n = 10). Forewing costal fold extending less than one-half wing length; forewing ground color yellowish white to brownish yellow or golden yellow with scattered orange and brown scaling; pretornal patch brown with some orange scales, often angled toward apex from discal cell; often with ill-defined brown subterminal fascia accented by extension of tornal patch; indistinct orange and brown transverse strigulae throughout subterminal and terminal areas; often with suffused grayish brown spot at distal end of discal cell. Fringe yellowish white to brownish yellow to golden yellow. Hindwing white to light grayish white, becoming yellowish gray or gray toward margins, with ill-defined gray transverse striae throughout in most specimens; patch of yellowish white to orange scales at anal angle. Abdomen : Genitalia ( Fig. 38 ; slide #JAP3245; NMNH; Mexico , Chiapas , San Cristóbal de Las Casas; n = 10) with uncus long, slender, slightly tapered, gently curved, with very sparse long setae dorsally and patch of short setae ventrally; tegumen moderately raised and triangular or ovate at base of uncus; socius/gnathos broadly rounded posteriorly, secondary arms approximately equal in length to apical portion, slender, abruptly curved just before apical portion, apical portion parallel-sided, long, narrow; transtilla sclerotized, straight, spines short with some scattered larger spines, numerous over most of posterior margin, anterior margin without reinforcement; valva unusually shaped, without a sclerotized crease near middle, costa straight to gently curved, sacculus angular, narrow, rounded basally, thick and flattened distally beyond elbow to apex, extending slightly beyond apex of valva, pulvinus reduced; phallus pistol-shaped, aedeagus parallel-sided, slightly curved, subequal to length of phallobase, attenuate apically, attached to juxta by a short process; cornuti with a minute spine near base. Female . Head, Thorax : Essentially as described for male except lacking costal fold, slightly larger, and with a less defined pretornal patch. Forewing length 6.8–9.9 mm (= 8.2; n = 7). Lacking yellowish white to orange scales at anal angle of hindwing. Abdomen : Genitalia ( Fig. 60 ; slide #RL679; NMNH; Guatemala , Volcán Santa María; n = 7) with ovipositor complex large; papillae anales parallel-sided, subtriangular posteriorly; sterigma narrow, sclerotized, curved; ductus bursae relatively short, widened anteriorly; corpus bursae small relative to ovipositor complex posterior to ductus bursae, irregularly rounded; signum simple, shorter than most congeners, approximately two to three times as long as wide, weakly curved, rounded at apices. Type material . Holotype : Male : MEXICO : CHIAPAS : San Cristóbal de Las Casas , 6–8.viii.1965 , O. Flint & Ortiz ( NMNH ). Paratypes ( 14♂ , 11♀ ). MEXICO : CHIAPAS : San Cristóbal de Las Casas , 6–8.viii.1965 ( 3♂ ), O. Flint & Ortiz ( EME , NMNH ) . HIDLAGO : 9 mi S Jacala , 29.vii.1975 ( 1♂ , 1♀ ), T. Taylor ( LACM ) . VERACRUZ : Coscomatepec , 1.viii.1975 (1 M), T. Taylor ( LACM ) . 6 km SW Banderilla , 1710 m , 17.viii.1987 ( 4♀ ), J. Brown & J. Powell ( EME ) , reared on synthetic diet and Quercus , emgd. 24.x–1.xi.1987 ( 3♂ ), JAP 87H45 ( EME ) . GUATEMALA : Palin , vii.[no year] ( 2♀ ), Schaus and Barnes Collection ( NMNH ) . Purulha , vii.[no year] ( 1♀ ), Schaus and Barnes Collection ( NMNH ) . Volcán Santa María , vii.[no year] ( 1♂ , 2♀ ), xi.[no year] ( 5♂ , 1♀ ), Schaus and Barnes Collection ( EME , NMNH ) . Immature stages . Eggs are dark peach-orange, laid in patches of 5–18 (= 10.0 eggs per patch, n = 4). Eggs hatched in 10 days. Larvae fed on synthetic diet and Quercus lobata but refused Prunus lyonii . The anal comb has seven tines. Development from oviposition to pupation required 34–48 days. Adults emerged in 11–18 days following pupation. Biology . Adults have been recorded in mixed broadleaf woods in July, August, and November, suggesting that this species is bivoltine. FIGURES 61–78. Adults of Sparganothoides . 61. S. hydeana (paratype: USA: NM: Santa Fe County, Little Tesuque Canon, 9200', 27.vii – 10.viii.1932, A. Klots). 62. S. machimiana (USA: AZ: Santa Cruz County, 7 mi. SE Nogales, 1.viii.1991, P. Opler, Y. Hsu and D. Rubinoff). 63 S. laderana (holotype). 64. S. amitana (paratype). 65. S. calthograptana (holotype). 66. S. coloratana (holotype). 67. S. audentiana (holotype). 68. S. canities (paratype). 69. S. teratana (Panama: Cerro Campana, 11 – 14.vii.1967, O. Flint, Jr.). 70. S. carycrosana (holotype). 71. S. plemmelana (holotype). 72. S. lugens (Mexico: Veracruz: 1 mi. W Fortin, 25.xii.1963 as larva on miscellaneous leaves, emerged 20.ii.1964, C. O'Brien). 73. S. castanea (holotype). 74. S. vinolenta (Mexico: Distrito Federal: La Venta, 22.v.1938, T. Escalante). 75. S. ocrisana (paratype, male: Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Monteverde, 1350 – 1400m, 22 – 24.vii.1990, J. Powell, JAP lot 90G14, emerged 6.xi.1990). 76. S. ocrisana (paratype, female: Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Monteverde, 1350 – 1400m, 22 – 24.vii.1990, J. Powell). 77. S. xenopsana (holotype). 78. S. umbosana (holotype). FIGURES 79–94. Adults of Sparganothoides . 79. S. probolosana (paratype: Mexico: Durango: 24 mi W La Ciudad). 80. S. licrosana (holotype). 81. S. canorisana (paratype: Mexico: Tamaulipas: Gómez Farias, 1000m, 29 – 31.vii.1988, V. Becker and M. Solis). 82. S. capitiornata (paratype). 83. S. arcuatana (paratype, copper form: Mexico: Veracruz: 22 km W Cd. Mendoza, 2150m, 13.viii.1987, J. Brown and J. Powell, JAP lot 87H7.6, emerged 12.i.1988). 84. S. arcuatana (paratype, gold form: Mexico: Jalisco: Nevado de Colima, 10.7 mi. N Hwy 54, 8200', 17.ix.1986, N. Bloomfield). 85. S. lentiginosana (USA: FL: Escambia County, Pensacola, 3.v.1962, S. Hills). 86. S. morata (Venezuela: Aragua, Rancho Grande, 1100', 21 – 25.i.1966, S. and W. Duckworth). 87. S. albescens (holotype). 88. S. torusana (holotype). 89. S. prolesana (holotype). 90. S. polymitariana (holotype). 91. S. silaceana (paratype: Costa Rica: Alajuela: Volcán Poás, 2350m, 25.viii.1987, J. Brown and J. Powell). 92. S. aciculana (holotype). 93. S. broccusana (holotype). 94. S. cornutana (holotype). FIGURES 95–98. Larval features of Sparganothoides . 95. Preserved larva of S. licrosana , lot JAP 86H31. 96. Chaetotaxy of fifth instar S. lentiginosana larva on Malus sylvestris ; first and second thoracic segments and first, second, sixth, and seventh abdominal segments. 97. Chaetotaxy of eighth, ninth, and tenth abdominal segments. 98. Chaetotaxy, dorsal view, ninth and tenth abdominal segments. Distribution . Sparganothoides cornutana is recored from Hidalgo , Veracruz , and Chiapas , Mexico , south into Guatemala . Etymology . The name cornutana , which was proposed by Lambert (1950) , is derived from the Latin “cornu” (= horn) and refers to the protuberances on the head.